西北地区草地资源保护与可持续发展研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 21:04

本文关键词： 西北地区草地资源保护可持续发展　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西北地区拥有较丰富的草地资源,是涵养水源、净化空气、丰富野生动植物的天然保护屏障,也是我国少数民族人口主要分布地。畜牧业为西北草原区主要经济来源之一,草地资源为牧民生活提供了基本物质保障。草地资源的保护与可持续发展不仅对全国环境保护起着重要作用,也是提高少数民族人民生活水平、维护祖国稳定和繁荣的重要举措。甘肃、青海、新疆三省(区)草地资源拥有量广,三省(区)均属于五大牧区之一,天然草地资源占全国总草地资源的38.09%,为西北地区主要草原区。本文以甘肃、青海、新疆省(区)的草地资源为主要研究对象,以西北地区草地资源发展状况为主体,以草地资源保护过程中的成效和不足作为研究内容,以实现草地资源可持续发展为研究目的,找出影响草地资源保护与发展的主要因素,并提出相关治理建议。研究从气候、社会、文化、政策方面对西北草原区环境特点进行了分析。气候方面选取温度、降雨量、日照时长作为分析因素,与西北草地资源退化率状况相比较,进行回归分析并将社会发展情况与政策实施情况与草地资源发展情况对比分析,结果表明气候因素对草地资源保护与发展影响不大。政策的实施对草地资源保护影响效果较显著,社会发展情况对草地资源发展影响较大。可持续发展从属于环境、经济、技术等多方面,强调对自然资源或物质资源开发利用程度与可发展平衡性。实际是指一个区域的特定系统的可持续性。本研究通过对影响西北草地资源因素进行分析,研究表明草地资源的可持续发展与生态环境、人口数量、人力资本水平、市场需求与供给量和草原文化有着密切的关系。针对现阶段草地保护存在的问题,结合影响草地资源可持续发展的因素分析,提出了相应的治理建议。首先,根据地理位置不同合理分配放牧区域、根据牲畜品种不同混合放牧,以提高生产效率、合理分配夏、冬草场面积,使草场利用率达到最优效果。其次,建立与市场需求相适应的畜牧设施,将粗放的游牧逐步转变为科学合理的现代化畜牧生产方式,提高畜牧产品的利用率,满足市场需求。第三,对游牧区和定居的牧民采取不同的管理措施,避免之间产生的不公平感。对牧民进行适当经济补偿,控制人口数量,提高人力资本,发展牧区教育,将游牧文化与科学方法结合从道德和法律方面对草地资源保护采取有效的政策措施,完善社会保障政策。
[Abstract]:The northwest region has abundant grassland resources, which is a natural protection barrier for conserving water, purifying air and enriching wildlife. It is also the main distribution area of minority population in our country. Animal husbandry is one of the main economic sources of northwest grassland. Grassland resources provide a basic material guarantee for herdsmen's life. The protection and sustainable development of grassland resources not only play an important role in environmental protection throughout the country, but also improve the living standards of ethnic minority people. Important measures to safeguard the stability and prosperity of the motherland. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, three provinces (regions) have a large amount of grassland resources, and all three provinces (regions) belong to one of the five major pastoral areas. Natural grassland resources, which account for 38.09% of the total grassland resources in China, are the main grassland areas in Northwest China. This paper takes the grassland resources of Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces as the main research objects, and takes the development of grassland resources in the Northwest region as the main body. Taking the achievements and deficiencies in the process of grassland resources protection as the research content, and taking the sustainable development of grassland resources as the research goal, the main factors affecting the protection and development of grassland resources are found out, and the relevant management suggestions are put forward. In the aspects of society, culture and policy, the environmental characteristics of northwest grassland were analyzed. In climate, temperature, rainfall and sunshine duration were selected as the analysis factors, compared with the degradation rate of grassland resources in Northwest China. Regression analysis and comparative analysis of social development and policy implementation with grassland resources development, The results showed that climatic factors had little effect on grassland resources protection and development. The effect of policy implementation on grassland resources protection was significant, and social development had great influence on grassland resources development. Sustainable development was subordinate to environment and economy. Technology and other aspects emphasize the balance between the exploitation and utilization of natural or material resources and the balance of development. In fact, it refers to the sustainability of a specific system in a region. The study shows that the sustainable development of grassland resources is closely related to ecological environment, population, human capital level, market demand and supply quantity and grassland culture. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the sustainable development of grassland resources, the corresponding management suggestions are put forward. Firstly, according to the geographical location, the grazing areas are allocated reasonably, and the mixed grazing is based on the variety of livestock, in order to improve the production efficiency and distribute the summer reasonably. The area of winter pasture can make the utilization rate of pasture reach the optimum effect. Secondly, the animal husbandry facilities that meet the market demand should be set up, and the extensive nomadic animal husbandry will be gradually transformed into a scientific and reasonable modern animal husbandry production mode, and the utilization ratio of livestock products will be improved. Third, different management measures should be taken for pastoral and settled herdsmen to avoid a sense of injustice. Appropriate economic compensation should be given to herdsmen, population size should be controlled, human capital should be raised, and education in pastoral areas should be developed. Combining nomadic culture with scientific methods, we should take effective policy measures to protect grassland resources from the aspects of morality and law, and perfect social security policies.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.212

【相似文献】