呼日查干淖尔湖滨带土壤表层侵蚀与堆积动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 00:44

本文关键词： 测钎法土壤侵蚀土壤堆积动态变化　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土壤侵蚀是当今学术界研究的重点领域之一,其严重阻碍人类生存和发展,是当今人类社会重大环境灾害,同时也是我国开展国土整治的重要内容之一。对于区域土壤侵蚀的动态研究可以直观地反映出区域内的土壤侵蚀随时间、空间以及景观的变化而产生的相应变化。而事实上在同一时空内,土壤侵蚀和土壤堆积往往是同时进行共同作用的,所以对区域土壤侵蚀与堆积的动态研究可以更加真实的反映一定时空内的动态变化,为科学分析及决策提供可靠的依据。本文以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗呼日查干淖尔湖湖滨带为研究区,采用测钎法对其进行了为期一年的土壤侵蚀与堆积动态变化连续性监测,并在此观测数据基础上开展了分析研究,以期对后续的生态研究和治理提供可靠、真实的科学依据。本项研究主要内容包括:⑴在干湖盆周边湖滨带系统布置测钎并进行一年的连续性观测(积雪期除外,下同),分析研究湖滨带的不同区域、不同时间、不同景观类型土壤表层风力侵蚀与堆积强度的动态变化过程。⑵在干湖盆西北部沙地沿风沙运行方向(西北→东南)系列布置测钎并进行一年的连续性观测,分析研究该地段沙丘的不同部位风力侵蚀与堆积的动态变化过程,进一步分析干湖盆西北沙源地对干湖盆供沙的宏观过程和影响。⑶在干湖盆南部沙地沿风沙运行方向(西北→东南)系列布置测钎并进行一年的连续性观测,分析研究该地段沙丘的不同部位风力侵蚀与堆积的动态变化过程,进一步分析干湖盆对浑善达克沙地北部边缘供沙的宏观过程和影响。研究表明:区域内风力侵蚀和堆积同时进行,且随着时间、空间和景观类型的变化其强度也发生相应的变化。春季普遍侵蚀强度较大,夏秋季堆积强度较大;干湖盆边缘侵蚀强度较大;典型草地景观类型土壤侵蚀和堆积强度较小,芨芨草草甸景观类型以及碱蓬景观类型侵蚀堆积强度次之,盐碱裸地侵蚀堆积强度最大;西北沙地和南部沙地向风坡侵蚀强度较大,背风坡堆积强度较大;西北部沙源对干湖盆有从西北到东南的供沙过程;南部沙源对浑善达克沙地北部边缘有从西北到东南的供沙过程。分析表明:有发育较好的植被保护地段侵蚀和堆积的过程均较弱;有人工栽培的碱蓬群落地段,在碱蓬生长季节,侵蚀堆积过程不明显或有不同程度的堆积;在有白刺沙包保护的地段,大风期呈明显堆积状态;干湖盆西北处沙地的北部紧邻草地,但是在长期的过度放牧的作用下,地表已经严重破损,成为查干淖尔湖干湖盆西北部的主要沙物质来源,加之西北风强劲月份,发生其为干湖盆源源不断的进行供沙的过程;在春季强劲的西北风作用下,整个南部沙地均呈侵蚀状态,大量的沙子随着大风被携带到浑善达克沙地腹地,呈现连续不断地进行供沙过程。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is one of the key areas of academic research, which seriously hinders the survival and development of human beings, and is a major environmental disaster in human society. At the same time, it is also one of the important contents of land regulation in China. The dynamic study of regional soil erosion can directly reflect the time of soil erosion in the region. The corresponding changes in space and landscape. In fact, in the same time and space, soil erosion and soil accumulation often work together at the same time. Therefore, the dynamic study of regional soil erosion and accumulation can more truly reflect the dynamic changes in a certain time and space. For scientific analysis and decision making, this paper takes the Hulingzhagan Nur Lake lakeside zone of Arbagal Banner of Xilin, Inner Mongolia, as the research area. The continuous monitoring of dynamic changes of soil erosion and accumulation for one year was carried out by using the method of drilling, and the analysis and research were carried out on the basis of the observed data in order to provide a reliable basis for the subsequent ecological research and management. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) in the dry lake basin surrounding the lakeside zone system, the drill drill is arranged and observed continuously for one year (except for the snow period, the following is the same as the following), the different regions and times of the lakeside zone are analyzed and studied. Dynamic process of Wind erosion and accumulation intensity of soil Surface in different Landscape types. 鈫扐 series of drill bits were arranged and observed continuously for one year to analyze and study the dynamic process of wind erosion and accumulation in different parts of sand dunes in this area. Further analysis of the macro-process and influence of sand source land on dry lake basin in the dry lake basin along the direction of wind-sand movement in the southern part of dry lake basin (Northwest China). 鈫扐 series of drill bits were arranged and observed continuously for one year to analyze and study the dynamic process of wind erosion and accumulation in different parts of sand dunes in this area. The macroscopic process and influence of dry lake basin on sand supply to northern edge of Hunshandake sandy land are further analyzed. The results show that wind erosion and accumulation occur simultaneously in the area, and over time, The intensity of soil erosion and accumulation in the typical grassland landscape type is lower than that in the dry lake basin, and the intensity of general erosion in spring is higher than that in summer and autumn, the intensity of erosion in dry lake basin is larger, the intensity of soil erosion and accumulation in typical grassland landscape type is lower than that in dry lake basin. Achnatherum splendens meadow landscape type and Suaeda salsa landscape type erosion and accumulation intensity is the second, salt and alkali bare land erosion accumulation intensity is the largest, northwest sandy land and southern sandy land to the wind slope erosion intensity is bigger, leeward slope accumulation intensity is bigger; There is a process of sand supply from northwest to southeast to dry lake basin in the northwest of China. There is a process of sand supply from northwest to southeast to the northern edge of Hunshandake sandy land from the southern sandy source. The analysis shows that the erosion and accumulation process is weak in the well-developed vegetation protection area, and there is a cultivated Suaeda salsa community. In the growing season of Suaeda salsa, the process of erosion and accumulation was not obvious or accumulated to varying degrees; in the section protected by Spurs, there was a clear accumulation in gale season; the northern part of sandy land in the northwest part of the dry lake basin was adjacent to the grassland, However, under the action of long-term overgrazing, the surface has been seriously damaged and become the main source of sand material in the northwest of Chagannur Lake dry lake basin, coupled with the strong month of the northwest wind, the process of continuous sand supply to the dry lake basin occurred. Under the action of the strong northwestern wind in spring, the whole southern sandy land was eroded, and a large amount of sand was carried to the hinterland of Hunshandak sandy land with the strong wind, which showed a continuous process of sand supply.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157

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