长期不同施肥模式对砂姜黑土可培养微生物数量和酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-02-27 22:30

本文关键词： 长期施肥微生物数量砂姜黑土酶活性　出处：《生态环境学报》2016年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以砂姜黑土长期定位土壤培肥试验(1981年—)为依托,研究了长期不施肥CK、长期单施化肥NPK、长期单施有机肥M、长期有机肥与化肥配施MNPK(等氮)和HMNPK(高氮)对砂姜黑土可培养微生物数量和酶活性的影响,揭示砂姜黑土微生物数量和酶活性对不同施肥模式的响应机制,以期为改善砂姜黑土肥力和质量提供科学依据和理论支持。结果表明,CK细菌、真菌、放线菌和固氮菌数量明显低于其它施肥处理,灌浆中期M细菌、放线菌和固氮菌数量显著高于NPK,而真菌数量在M与NPK间差异不显著。MNPK和HMNPK细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著高于NPK和M,其中灌浆中期MNPK比NPK和M分别增加了47.0%、21.1%、32.1%和23.2%、11.7%、20.2%。MNPK与HMNPK细菌、真菌和放线菌数量在灌浆中期差异皆不显著,而固氮菌数量MNPK显著高于HMNPK。灌浆中期M转化酶、脱氢酶、酸性和中性磷酸酶、蛋白酶活性显著高于NPK,分别增加20.9%、22.1%、17.7%、18.4%、10.0%。长期有机肥与化肥配施相对于长期单施有机肥和化肥可以明显提高土壤转化酶、脱氢酶、酸性和中性磷酸酶、蛋白酶活性。HMNPK的脱氢酶活性显著高于MNPK,而转化酶、酸性和中性磷酸酶、蛋白酶活性与MNPK差异不显著。土壤中转化酶、脱氢酶、酸性和中性磷酸酶、蛋白酶活性皆与细菌、真菌、放线菌呈显著正相关关系,与固氮菌正相关不显著。有机肥与化肥配施最利于提高砂姜黑土微生物数量和酶活性,其次为单施有机肥,有机肥与化肥配施下增加施氮量对土壤微生物数量和酶活性提高作用不大,甚至导致固氮菌数量的下降。
[Abstract]:Based on the long-term soil fertilization experiment of shajiang black soil (1981 -), The effects of CK, NPK, MNPK, MNPK (equal nitrogen) and HMNPK (high nitrogen) on the quantity and enzyme activity of culturable microorganisms in shajiang black soil were studied. In order to provide scientific basis and theoretical support for improving fertility and quality of shajiang black soil, the response mechanism of microbial quantity and enzyme activity to different fertilization modes was revealed. The results showed that CK bacteria and fungi. The number of actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria was significantly lower than that of other fertilization treatments, and the number of M-bacteria, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in middle filling stage was significantly higher than that of NPK, while the number of fungi had no significant difference between M and NPK. MNPK and HMNPK bacteria. The number of fungi and actinomycetes was significantly higher than that of NPK and M3.The number of MNPK increased by 47.0% and 23.211.711.720.2and HMNPK bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes increased 47.0% and 23.211.720.2%, respectively, compared with those of NPK and M in the middle filling period. There was no significant difference in the number of fungi and actinomycetes between the two groups. The number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria MNPK was significantly higher than that of HMNPK.Minvertase, dehydrogenase, acid and neutral phosphatase, The activity of protease was significantly higher than that of NPK, and the activity of protease was significantly higher than that of NPK, and the activity of protease was increased by 20.90.The activity of soil invertase, dehydrogenase, acid and neutral phosphatase were significantly increased by the combination of long-term organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer compared with the long-term application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The activities of invertase, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase and protease were not significantly different from those of MNPK. The activities of invertase, dehydrogenase, acid and neutral phosphatase, protease in soil were all related to bacteria and fungi. The positive correlation between actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria was not significant. The combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was most beneficial to increase the amount of microorganism and enzyme activity in black soil, followed by organic fertilizer alone. The increase of nitrogen application under the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer had little effect on the increase of soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity, and even led to the decrease of nitrogen fixing bacteria.
【作者单位】：安徽省农业科学院作物研究所;安徽省农作物品质改良重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31401328) 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300408) 国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B08) 中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201616)
【分类号】：S154

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