翻耕位置和深度对坡耕地水土流失的影响

发布时间：2018-03-01 16:14

本文关键词： 人工降雨坡度翻耕位置翻耕深度产流产沙　出处：《山西农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为研究坡耕地上不同翻耕位置和深度的水土流失影响,本试验选在山西省吕梁市方山县沙沟水土保持监测站,在55mm/h雨强条件下对不同坡度(5°、10°、15°)、不同翻耕位置(坡面上部、坡面中部、坡面下部)及不同翻耕深度(10cm、15cm、20cm)共27种组合条件进行人工模拟降雨,研究不同的处理组合对坡面径流和土壤侵蚀的影响,经过分析主要得出以下结论：(1)在55mm/h雨强条件下,开始产流时间随着坡度的增大而减小,随翻耕位置的上、中、下依次增大,随着翻耕深度的增加而增加；坡度、翻耕位置及翻耕深度对开始产流时间的均为极显著影响(P0.01),且显著水平表现为：坡度翻耕位置翻耕深度。(2)在55mm/h雨强条件下,不论哪种组合条件,径流随时间均是先增大后逐渐趋于稳定；径流量随着坡度的增加而增加,随着翻耕位置的中、上、下而增大,随着翻耕深度的增大而减小；坡度及翻耕位置对产流开始后27mmin所得到的径流总量均为极显著影响(P0.01),翻耕深度对产流开始后27mmin所得到的径流总量影响不显著(P0.05)；对径流总量影响显著水平表现为：坡度翻耕位置翻耕深度。(3)在55mm/h雨强条件下,不论哪种组合条件,坡面径流泥沙浓度随降雨的进行整体上呈现先减小,后逐渐趋于平稳的状态；坡面径流泥沙浓度随坡度的增大而增大,产流开始后27mmin所得到的累计泥沙量随着翻耕位置的中、上、下而增大,随着翻耕深度的增大而增大；坡度及翻耕位置对产流开始后27min所得到的累计产沙量均影响显著,且显著水平为极显著(P0.01),翻耕深度对累计产沙量影响不显著；对累计产沙量影响显著水平表现为：坡度翻耕位置翻耕深度。(4)坡地开荒选在坡面中部水土保持效益明显,坡面中部开荒比坡面上部开荒减少产流12.9%～16.0%,减少产沙3.3%～8.1%；坡面中部开荒比坡面下部开荒减少产流31.6%～37.8%,减少产沙40.5%～53.3%。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of soil erosion on different tilling positions and depths on sloping farmland, the experiment was conducted at the Shagou soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station of Fangshan County, Luliang City, Shanxi Province. Under the condition of 55 mm / h rain intensity, the soil and water conservation sites of different slope degrees were 5 掳/ 10 掳/ 15 掳and different tilling positions (upper part of the slope), respectively. The effects of different treatments on runoff and soil erosion were studied by artificial simulation of rainfall under 27 combinations of different tillage depths (10 cm ~ (15) cm ~ (20 cm)) and different tillage depth (10 cm ~ (10) ~ 15 cm ~ (20 cm)) in the middle and lower part of slope surface. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) under the condition of 55 mm / h rain intensity, the beginning time of runoff production decreases with the increase of slope, increases in turn with the top, middle and lower of tilling position, and increases with the increase of tillage depth. The effects of tilling position and depth on the initial runoff yield were very significant, and the significant level was as follows: tilling depth of tilling position at slope tilling position. (2) under 55 mm / h rain intensity, no matter which combination condition, Runoff increases first and then tends to be stable with time, runoff increases with the increase of slope, increases with the middle, top and bottom of tilling position, and decreases with the increase of tillage depth. The slope and tilling position had significant effects on the total runoff after 27 min of runoff production, while the depth of tillage had no significant effect on the total runoff of 27 min after the beginning of runoff production, and the significant level of the effect on the total runoff was as follows: (1) the effect of tilling depth on the total amount of runoff was significant (P < 0.01), but the effect of tillage depth on the total amount of runoff was not significant (P 0.05). Slope tilling position tillage depth. 3) under 55 mm / h rain intensity, No matter which combination condition, the sediment concentration of runoff decreases first and then tends to steady gradually with the rainfall, and the sediment concentration of runoff increases with the increase of slope. The accumulative sediment amount obtained at 27 min after the beginning of runoff production increased with the middle, upper, lower and higher tillage depth, and the slope and tilling position significantly affected the accumulated sediment yield at 27 min after the beginning of runoff production. The significant level was P0.01N, the effect of tillage depth on the cumulative sediment yield was not significant, and the significant effect on the accumulated sediment yield was as follows: tilling depth of slope tilling position, tillage depth. 4) the benefit of soil and water conservation in the middle of the slope was obvious. In the middle part of the slope, there was a decrease of 31.6% and 40.5% and 53.3% in the middle part of the slope than in the lower part of the slope, while in the middle part of the slope it was lower than that in the lower part of the slope, while in the middle part of the slope it was lower than that in the lower part of the slope, and the yield of sand was decreased by 40.5% and 53.3%, compared with that in the middle part of the slope.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157

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