长期氮磷钾肥配施对贵州黄壤玉米产量和土壤养分可持续性的影响

发布时间：2018-03-01 18:27

本文关键词： 黄壤长期氮磷钾肥配施相对产量土壤养分可持续性指数　出处：《应用生态学报》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为明确长期氮磷钾肥配施下贵州典型黄壤玉米产量、氮磷钾肥增产效应及土壤养分的演变特征,利用国家贵阳黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位试验,研究氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)与缺素施肥(N、NK、NP、PK)对玉米相对产量、氮磷钾肥增产贡献率及土壤氮磷钾素养分可持续性指数等的影响.结果表明:氮磷钾平衡施肥有显著增产效果,玉米相对产量均值为:NPKNPNKPKCK;氮、磷、钾肥增产贡献率和农学利用率均为氮肥磷肥钾肥,施肥依存度为氮、磷、钾肥配施氮肥磷肥钾肥,但缺磷处理(NK)玉米相对产量以每年1.4%的速度极显著下降,磷肥贡献率和依存度则以每年2.3%和1.4%的速度极显著上升,最终磷肥对玉米生产的影响逐渐与氮肥持平;缺磷处理土壤p H值和有机质含量均最低,而缺氮处理则较高;施用化学磷肥可提高黄壤磷素可持续性指数,但氮肥和钾肥对黄壤氮素和钾素可持续性指数无显著影响.综上,平衡施肥是贵州典型黄壤地区玉米高产的重要保障,其中磷肥与氮肥同等重要,但长期单施化肥尤其是缺磷处理不利于黄壤养分的可持续利用.
[Abstract]:In order to determine the yield of maize, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on maize yield and the evolution characteristics of soil nutrients under long-term nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application in Guizhou typical yellow soil, a long-term localization experiment of fertility and fertilizer efficiency in Guiyang yellow soil was conducted. The effects of NPK and NPK on relative yield of maize, contribution rate of N, P, K fertilizer and sustainability index of soil N, P and K were studied. The results showed that balanced fertilization of N, P and K had significant effect on yield increase. The average relative yield of maize was: NPKNPNKPKCKN, N, P, K fertilizer contribution rate and agronomic utilization efficiency were N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, However, the relative yield of maize decreased significantly at the rate of 1.4% per year, and the contribution rate and dependence of phosphorus fertilizer increased significantly at 2.3% and 1.4% per year, and the effect of phosphorus fertilizer on maize production was gradually equal to that of nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus deficiency treatment had the lowest pH value and organic matter content, while nitrogen deficiency treatment had higher phosphorus sustainability index, but nitrogen and potassium fertilizer had no significant effect on the sustainability index of phosphorus in yellow soil. Balanced fertilization is an important guarantee for high yield of maize in typical yellow soil area of Guizhou Province, among which phosphorus fertilizer is as important as nitrogen fertilizer, but long-term single fertilizer application, especially phosphorus deficiency treatment, is not conducive to the sustainable utilization of nutrients in yellow soil.
【作者单位】：贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站;贵州省农业科学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41461069) 贵州省科技计划项目([2017]2852) 贵州省农业科学院科技创新专项([2017]06);贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项(2014007)资助贵州省科技厅省院联合基金项目([2015]7079)~~
【分类号】：S158;S513

【相似文献】