基于农用地分等的耕地质量限制型研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 23:07

本文选题：农用地　切入点：自然等别　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国耕地质量等别总体偏低,大部分耕地存在限制型,在很大程度上制约了粮食的持续增产。本文基于各国耕地质量评价体系所选取的限制型和农用地分等成果,以耕地自然等质量为研究对象,将耕地质量限制型与农用地分等成果相联系,利用自然等质量限制性指数模型,确定出影响耕地质量限制型的谱序,并针对不同限制型提出耕地质量提升的方法与措施,构建出“耕地质量自然等—限制型评价体系”。可以明确耕地质量的自然等别、限制型和限制型谱序,为有针对性的提出耕地质量改良技术提供理论依据。并结合2011年农用地分等补充完善成果和耕地质量等级监测成果,以我国中部粮食主产区的4个示范县为例进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)我国耕地主要存在裸岩限制、污染限制、排水限制、坡度限制、障碍层次限制、灌溉限制、土层限制、水分限制、盐碱限制、有机质限制、酸碱度限制、剖面构型限制、质地限制和气候限制等14种限制型。(2)通过对应的分等指标和自然等质量限制性指数模型进行计算,可以得出吉林省农安县存在7种限制型和18种耕地自然等质量限制型组合类型,河南省禹州市存在8种限制型和19种耕地自然等质量限制型组合类型,湖北省公安县存在9种限制型和12种耕地自然等质量主导限制型组合类型,江西省吉安县存在8种限制型和7种耕地自然等质量限制型组合类型。(3)明确耕地质量限制型,可以针对主导限制型进行耕地质量改良,农安县提等措施主要从田间配套工程及土壤培肥等方面入手,禹州市提等措施主要从完善灌溉体系和改善耕地坡度等方面入手,公安县提等措施主要从施加土壤改良剂和完善排水体系等方面入手,吉安县提等措施主要从完善灌溉体系及深耕土壤等方面入手。本文构建的耕地质量限制型评价体系可以在有限的资金成本投入下更有效率地保护耕地,为探索高效经济的改良耕地质量路径提供理论依据,发挥耕地增产潜力,增加粮食有效供给,进而达到提升耕地质量、合理进行耕地质量建设与管理的目的,对于保障国家粮食安全具有重大意义。
[Abstract]:The cultivated land quality of our country is on the low side, and most of the cultivated land is restricted, which to a great extent restricts the sustainable increase of grain production. This paper is based on the limited type and agricultural land classification results selected by the evaluation system of cultivated land quality in various countries. Taking the natural quality of cultivated land as the research object, combining the limited type of cultivated land quality with the results of agricultural land classification, and using the natural equal quality limiting index model, the spectral order that affects the limited type of cultivated land quality is determined. According to different limited types, the methods and measures of improving cultivated land quality are put forward, and the evaluation system of "natural equal-limited type of cultivated land quality" is constructed, which can make clear the order of natural equality, restriction type and restricted type spectrum of cultivated land quality. It provides the theoretical basis for putting forward the cultivated land quality improvement technology, and combining with the supplementary and perfect results of agricultural land classification in 2011 and the monitoring results of cultivated land quality grade, Taking 4 demonstration counties in the main grain producing area of central China as an example, the results show that there are main limitations of bare rock, pollution, drainage, slope, barrier level, irrigation and soil layer on cultivated land in China. Water limitation, salinization limitation, organic matter limitation, pH limitation, profile configuration limitation, texture limitation and climate limitation were calculated by corresponding grading index and natural quality limiting index model. It can be concluded that there are 7 limited types and 18 kinds of cultivated land natural quality limited combination types in Nong'an County of Jilin Province, 8 restricted types and 19 kinds of cultivated land natural equal quality limited combination types in Yuzhou City, Henan Province. There are 9 kinds of limited type and 12 kinds of cultivated land natural quality dominant limited type combination type in public security county of Hubei Province, Jiangxi Province Ji'an county has 8 kinds of limited type and 7 kinds of cultivated land natural equal quality restriction type combination type. We can improve the quality of cultivated land in accordance with the dominant restricted type. The measures of raising farmland in Nong'an County are mainly from the aspects of field supporting projects and soil fertilization, and those of Yuzhou City are mainly from the aspects of improving irrigation system and improving the slope of cultivated land. The measures proposed by the public security county mainly start with the application of soil improvers and the improvement of the drainage system. Such measures as improving irrigation system and deep tillage soil are the main measures in Ji'an County. The limited evaluation system of cultivated land quality can be used to protect cultivated land more efficiently with limited capital cost. In order to provide theoretical basis for exploring the path of improving cultivated land quality with high efficiency and economy, to bring into play the potential of increasing cultivated land yield, to increase the effective supply of grain, and to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of cultivated land and reasonably carrying out the construction and management of cultivated land quality. It is of great significance to ensure national food security.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S159.2

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