稻田生态系统中底栖动物对沉积物—水界面交换与耦合的扰动作用

发布时间：2018-03-03 16:06

本文选题：稻田　切入点：生物扰动效应　出处：《长春师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文以底栖鱼类泥鳅为实验对象,通过对吉林省长春市双阳区奢岭镇徐家村的稻田采样分析,研究了底栖动物对稻田沉积物-水界面交换与耦合扰动作用。通过室内模拟实验,以沉积物-水界面关键生态过程(颗粒垂直分布、再悬浮、生源要素循环)为重点,深入探讨沉积物-水界面耦合机理、生物作用机制、变化规律及影响因素,在此基础上,寻求生态学基础理论和研究方法的突破,为农业非点源污染的治理和生态建模提供基本参量和科学依据。主要研究结果包括:(1)泥鳅对沉积物表层颗粒的垂直迁移率为1.385×10-3g-1·cm-2·d-1,最大迁移深度为8cm;泥鳅对沉积物深层颗粒的向上垂直迁移率为1.774×10-3g-1·cm-2·d-1,向上最大迁移深度为4cm;向下垂直迁移率为5.586×10-4g-1·cm-2·d-1,向下最大迁移深度为5cm。(2)泥鳅的生物扰动效应对稻田沉积物颗粒的迁移起着正面的积极作用,稻田沉积物是水稻根系生长的营养源基础,沉积物的颗粒迁移必将导致沉积物中各种有机质分子团的迁移,有利于水稻根系对营养元素的吸收。(3)泥鳅扰动效应使稻田上覆水中悬浮物含量达到62.99mg/L,悬浮物含量上升了50.48mg/L,泥鳅对稻田表层沉积物侵蚀深度最大为2.3mm。(4)泥鳅对稻田上覆水中的N素平衡发挥正面作用,水体中氨氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮的变化除了和泥鳅的生物扰动效应相关外,还和水体中的硝化细菌生长有关。(5)泥鳅的生物扰动作用对上覆水中的P素平衡起到积极的影响,提高了营养元素的含量,有利于为水稻生长提供更多可利用的P元素。
[Abstract]:The benthic fish loach as the experimental object, through the town of Sheling Shuangyang District, Jilin City, Xu Jia Cun Changchun paddy field sampling and analysis, studied the effect of benthic animal disturbance and coupling of the paddy water sediment interface. Through indoor simulation experiment, the key ecological process in the sediment water interface (vertical distribution of particles suspension elements cycle) as the focus, in-depth study of the sediment water interface coupling mechanism, biological mechanism, regularity and influencing factors, based on the basic theory and research methods of ecology to seek breakthrough, provide basic parameters and scientific basis for ecological modeling and management of agricultural non-point source pollution. The main results include: (1) the surface sediment particle loach vertical migration rate is 1.385 * 10-3g-1 - cm-2 - D-1, the largest migration depth is 8cm; deep sediment particles on Loach vertical mobility 1.774 * 10-3g-1 - cm-2 - D-1, to the largest migration depth is 4cm; the downward vertical migration rate is 5.586 * 10-4g-1 - cm-2 - D-1, the maximum depth of 5cm. downward migration (2) loach bioturbation effect on migration of sediment particles in paddy field plays a positive role in paddy field, sediment is the source of nutrition the basis of rice root growth, migration will lead to the migration of particles in sediment organic matter in sediments of various molecular clusters, in favor of rice root to absorb nutrient elements. (3) the effect of disturbance of paddy field loach overlying water suspended suspended solids content reached 62.99mg/L, rose 50.48mg/L, loach on paddy surface sediment erosion depth maximum 2.3mm. (4) loach in paddy field N of the overlying water balance play a positive role in water, changes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen addition and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus bioturbation effect related, and also water The growth of nitrifying bacteria is related. (5) the bioturbation of loach has a positive effect on the P balance of overlying water, and improves the content of nutrient elements, which is conducive to provide more available P elements for rice growth.

【学位授予单位】：长春师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S181

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