表施尿素下引黄畦灌水流中氮素迁移转化规律试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 19:21

本文选题：地表水流　切入点：表施肥料　出处：《中国农村水利水电》2017年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了研究引黄灌溉条件下氮素在地表水流中的特点,促进表施肥料下田间灌溉系统设计和管理的改进,基于引黄畦灌撒施和液施尿素试验资料,分析了地表水流中尿素沿畦长的迁移转化过程,水流水力、水质的影响,以及氮素浓度的时空变异特征。结果表明,水流中氮素主要以有机氮的形式存在,尿素的水解需要一个过程;悬浮颗粒物不是引起不同氮素沿程变化的主要原因。撒施在流速等作用下,氮素存在明显的畦首流失,畦尾累积,且总氮、有机氮、氨氮和硝氮与距离的相关系数都大于0.8,为高度相关。施肥方式对地表水流中氮素分布有显著的影响,液施较撒施可以提高地表水流中氮素时空分布的均匀性,总氮在撒施30 min时的变异系数比开始大0.38。不同氮素的性质不同,在迁移转化过程中不完全同步。
[Abstract]:In order to study the characteristics of nitrogen in surface water flow under the condition of Yellow River diversion irrigation, and to promote the improvement of the design and management of field irrigation system under surface fertilizer, based on the experimental data of irrigation by border irrigation and liquid application of urea. The migration and transformation of urea along the furrow length in surface water flow, the influence of water power and water quality, and the spatio-temporal variation of nitrogen concentration are analyzed. The results show that nitrogen exists mainly in the form of organic nitrogen in water flow. The hydrolysis of urea requires a process; suspended particulate matter is not the main cause of different nitrogen changes along the path. Under the effect of velocity of application, nitrogen has obvious loss, accumulation, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, etc. The correlation coefficient between ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen and distance was more than 0.8, which was highly correlated. The nitrogen distribution in surface water was significantly affected by fertilization, and the uniformity of nitrogen spatial and temporal distribution in surface water flow could be improved by liquid application. The coefficient of variation of total nitrogen was 0.38 higher than that of initial application for 30 min. The properties of different nitrogen were different, and they were not completely synchronized in the process of migration and transformation.
【作者单位】：西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地;中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所;运城市尊村引黄灌溉管理局;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划-大型灌区节水技术集成与示范(2015BAD20B00)和水肥一体化的高效节水灌溉系统研究与示范(D151100004115002)
【分类号】：S143;S275.3

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