黄骅市盐渍化土壤盐分及养分变异特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 01:01

本文选题：盐渍化土壤　切入点：盐分　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黄骅市是盐渍化土壤集聚的典型地区,开发利用该地区盐渍化土地对当地生态和经济可持续发展具有重要的作用,摸清土壤盐分、养分的含量及变异特征,可以为该地区的盐渍化土壤的开发利用提供一定的理论支持。本文以河北省黄骅市为例,野外均匀随机采集该地区土样310个,通过土壤农化分析,测定土壤中盐分和养分含量值;运用空间插值法得到土壤盐分和养分的空间分布图,分析盐分和养分空间分布特征;利用SPSS软件分析该地区土壤盐分和养分的相关性;从土壤利用类型、土壤类型、土壤质地和土壤p H四个方面探讨了土壤盐分和养分的变异特征,最终得到如下结论:(1)黄骅市Ca2+含量为0.07~0.29g/kg,Mg2+含量为0.05~0.88g/kg,K+含量为0.04~0.26g/kg,Na+含量为0.40~7.38g/kg,Cl-含量为1.45~21.20g/kg,SO42-含量为0.30~2.86g/kg,HCO3-含量为0.10~0.17g/kg。含量最丰富的为Cl-,其次为SO42-,不含CO32-或CO32-含量极少。地块间HCO3-含量差异性较小,分布较为均匀,盐分离子含量呈现东部高西部低、沿海高内陆低的趋势,盐渍化土壤中的盐分主要以Na Cl的形式存在,此外,Mg2+和SO42-也是盐分的主要结合方式。土壤各盐分各要素均不服从普通正态分布,但服从对数正态分布。总盐分、Na+、Mg2+为强变异性,变异系数分别为161.93%,130.01%,123.42%;Ca2+、K+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-为中等强度变异性,变异系数分别为49.99%,50.37%,98.19%,81.20%,16.34%。(2)黄骅市碱解氮含量为8.4~143.4mg/kg;速效磷含量为0.4~202.7mg/kg;速效钾含量为36.7~796.0mg/kg;有机质含量为2.2~39.3g/kg。碱解氮和有机质含量缺乏,速效磷和速效钾含量丰富;碱解氮和有机质含量的空间分布较均匀,速效磷和速效钾含量的空间分布较为离散。碱解氮和有机质含量呈现东部低西部高、沿海低内陆高的趋势;速效磷和速效钾含量呈现东部高西部低、沿海高内陆低的趋势。碱解氮和有机质服从正态分布,速效磷和速效钾服从对数正态分布。碱解氮、速效钾、有机质处于中等变异性,变异系数分别为41.7%,59.9%,43.5%;速效磷处于强变异性,变异系数为115.8%。(3)从相关性分析可知,碱解氮含量与速效磷含量呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.422**;与有机质含量为极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.752**;碱解氮与八大离子含量之间均为负相关关系,与总盐分之间为极显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.504**;速效磷含量与有机质含量呈显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.321*,与盐分离子相关性不明显;速效钾与钾离子呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.482**,与其他离子含量及总盐分均为正相关关系;有机质与总盐分呈显著负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.296*。总盐分与Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-均为显著正相关关系,且与Na+、Cl-显著性关系最强,与HCO3-为负相关关系;Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-两两之间均为正相关关系,除HCO3-含量与其他离子含量为负相关关系外,其他离子含量两两之间均为正相关关系。(4)黄骅市土壤类型以盐化潮土为主,土壤质地以中壤为主,pH值集中在8-8.5的碱性级别。不同土地利用类型下,除HCO3-呈现耕地、林地含量最高,其他土地含量最低外,其他盐分离子含量大部分都呈现其他土地草地园地耕地林地的趋势;不同土壤类型下,盐分离子含量大多呈现滨海潮滩盐土滨海盐土盐化潮土潮土湿潮土盐化沼泽土的趋势,而HCO3-恰与之相反;不同土壤质地下,盐分离子含量大部分呈现出重壤中壤砂壤轻壤的趋势,HCO3-表现为重壤含量最低,轻壤含量最高;p H与HCO3-呈极显著的负相关性,与K+相关性不明显,与其他各盐分指标均呈极显著的正相关性,即p H的升高会对土壤盐分离子含量有一定的促进作用。不同土地利用类型下,碱解氮、速效磷、有机质均表现为在园地、草地中的含量较高,在其他土地中的含量较低,而速效钾在其他土地中的含量较高,在耕地中的含量较低;不同土壤类型下,碱解氮表现为在盐化沼泽土中含量较高,在滨海盐土中含量较低,有机质恰恰相反,表现为滨海盐土中含量较高,盐化沼泽土中含量最低,速效磷、速效钾表现为在滨海潮滩盐土中的含量较高,在湿潮土、潮土中的含量较低;不同土壤质地下,质地越粘重,碱解氮含量越低,速效钾含量越高;各养分指标与p H均成负相关关系,即随着p H值的升高,土壤养分含量逐渐降低,p H过高会对土壤养分含量产生一定的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:Huanghua city is a typical area of soil salinization agglomeration, development and utilization of saline land in the region has an important effect on the local ecological and economic sustainable development, to find out the soil salt content and variability of nutrients, to provide certain theoretical support for the development and utilization for the area of soil salinization. Taking Huanghua city of Hebei Province as an example. Field uniform random samples in this area of 310 soil samples, the soil chemical analysis, determination of salinity and nutrient content in soil; the spatial distribution of soil salinity and nutrient use spatial interpolation method, analysis of salinity and nutrient spatial distribution characteristics; correlation analysis of soil salinity and nutrient in the area by using SPSS software; from the soil the type, soil type, soil texture and soil four aspects P H discusses the variation characteristics of soil salinity and nutrients, the final conclusions are as follows: (1) Ca2 in Huanghua City For the 0.07~0.29g/kg + content, Mg2+ content is 0.05~0.88g/kg, the content of K+ is 0.04~0.26g/kg, the content of Na+ is 0.40~7.38g/kg, the content of Cl- was 1.45~21.20g/kg, SO42- was 0.30~2.86g/kg, the content of HCO3- is the most abundant content of 0.10~0.17g/kg. was Cl-, followed by SO42-, without CO32- or CO32- block was little. The content of HCO3- small difference, more uniform distribution the salt content in the high, showing the east west low high low trend of inland coastal saline soil, the salt in the main form of Cl to Na, in addition, the main way of combining Mg2+ and SO42-. The elements of soil salinity and the salinity are not subject to ordinary normal distribution, but the lognormal distribution of the total salt. Na+, Mg2+, for strong variability, the coefficients of variation were 161.93%, 130.01%, 123.42%; Ca2+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- for moderate intensity variability, coefficient of variation were 49.99%, 50.37%, 98.19%, 81.2 0%, 16.34%. (2) nitrogen content base in Huanghua is 8.4~143.4mg/kg; the content of available phosphorus was 0.4~202.7mg/kg; available potassium content is 36.7~796.0mg/kg; the content of organic matter is 2.2~39.3g/kg. nitrogen and organic matter content of the lack of available phosphorus and potassium content; nitrogen and organic matter content of the spatial distribution is uniform, P and the content of available potassium in space distribution is discrete. Nitrogen and organic matter content showed low East West High low high trend, inland coastal; available phosphorus and potassium content showed high in the East West High low, coastal inland low trend. Available nitrogen and organic matter of normal distribution, and available phosphorus potassium followslognormaldistribution. Nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter in moderate variability coefficient of variation were 41.7%, 59.9%, 43.5%; P in strong variability, the variation coefficient was 115.8%. (3) from the analysis of correlation, alkali solution There is a significant positive correlation between nitrogen content and available phosphorus content, the correlation coefficient of r=0.422**; and the organic matter content was extremely significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient r=0.752**; alkaline solution was a negative correlation between the content of nitrogen ions and eight, significant negative correlation between salinity and total, the correlation coefficient r=-0.504**; there was a significant positive correlation between the content of available phosphorus and organic matter content, the correlation coefficient r=0.321*, and salt ion correlation is not obvious; there is a significant positive correlation between potassium and potassium ions, correlation coefficient r=0.482**, and the other ion content and total salt are positive correlation; there was a significant negative correlation between organic matter and total salt, total salt and Ca2+ correlation coefficient r=-0.296*., Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42- were significantly positive correlation, and Na+, Cl- and HCO3- were the strongest correlation, negative correlation between Ca2+ and Mg2+; K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42- There were positive correlation between the 22, in addition to the content of HCO3- and other ion content was negative correlation, there were positive correlation between the contents of other ions (4). 22 soil types in Huanghua city in salinized soil, soil texture in soil mainly concentrated in the base of pH level of 8-8.5 in different land. Use types, except HCO3- showed the highest in woodland, arable land, other land was the lowest, the salt content in the most other trends are showing other land grass garden farmland woodland; under different soil types, the salt content in the most present waterfront tide beach soil in coastal saline soil salinized soil moisture soil moisture and soil salinization swamp soil the trend, and HCO3- just the opposite; different soil salt content in the underground, mostly showing a heavy loam loam sandy loam light loam trend, HCO3- showed heavy loam was the lowest, the highest content of light soil; P H and HCO3- A negative significant correlation, the correlation between K+ and not obvious, showed a significant positive correlation with other salt index p H increased, there will be some effects on soil salt content. Under different land use types, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter were in the garden. High content of grassland, content in other land in the lower, while available potassium in other land in higher content in cultivated land in lower; under different soil types, n showed higher content in salt marsh soil, the soil organic matter content is low, just on the contrary, showed higher content of soil, content of saline marsh in the lowest, available phosphorus, available potassium showed higher concentrations in the coastal tidal flat soils, in wet soil, fluvo aquic soil was low; different soil texture underground, the heavy, nitrogen content is low The content of available potassium is higher, and all nutrient indicators are negatively correlated with P H, that is, with the increase of P H value, soil nutrient content gradually decreases, and the excessive P H will have a certain inhibitory effect on soil nutrient content.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.41

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