秸秆还田量对黑土地土壤性状及玉米产量的影响

发布时间：2018-03-05 12:50

本文选题：秸秆还田　切入点：玉米　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：秸秆是丰富的可再生生物资源,秸秆还田不但能改善土壤结构、提高土壤养分含量,从而培肥地力,提升耕地质量,进一步增加作物产量。本研究以位于内蒙古东部兴安盟扎赉特旗的典型黑土区作为研究对象,通过研究5个不同秸秆还田量(9000、10500、12000、13500、15000kg/hm2,CK为0)对黑土地土壤物理、化学及生物学性状以及玉米产量的影响,阐明秸秆还田后,随生育进程逐渐腐解、向土壤转化过程中土壤理化特性的变化趋势,明确秸秆还田对黑土的改良机制,为秸秆还田改善黑土土壤质量提供理论依据。结果表明:1.与CK相比,秸秆还田各处理均导致玉米苗期和成熟期0-10cm 土层温度提高,而拔节期和灌浆期的土壤温度则降低。与拔节期和灌浆期的降温幅度相比,秸秆还田各处理在苗期和成熟期的增温幅度更显著,且随着秸秆还田量的增加,增温幅度增大,JG5处理地表温度增幅最为显著。秸秆还田各处理显著降低了灌浆期0-20cm 土层的土壤容重,整体表现为随着秸秆还田量的增加,土壤容重降幅越显著。2.苗期与拔节期,秸秆还田各处理0-10cm和10-20cm 土层的土壤有机质含量显著提高,且随着还田量的增加,有机质含量增幅越大。秸秆还田各处理使灌浆期各土层土壤有机质含量大幅提高,且随着还田量的增加,土壤有机质含量增幅越大。秸秆还田处理土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)和铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量都随着生育期的推进逐渐下降,且苗期各土层的NO3--N、NH4+-N含量均高于其他时期。还田量小于12000kg/hm2的各处理对土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量无明显影响。当还田量超过12000kg/hm2时,秸秆还田各处理可明显提高土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,并且增幅与秸秆还田量呈正相关关系。3.秸秆还田各处理对土壤酶活性的影响主要集中在0-20cm 土层。0-20cm 土层的蔗糖酶活性,JG4和JG5较CK分别提高了 51.5%和38.8%。各处理明显提高了土壤0-20cm 土层的脲酶活性;20-40cm和40-60cm 土层各处理过氧化氢酶活性无显著差异。秸秆还田各处理均不同程度提高了土壤0-20cm 土层的过氧化氢酶活性,且随着还田量的增加,过氧化氢酶活性提高幅度也随之增大;秸秆还田的各处理均不同程度的增加了 0-20cm和20-40cm 土层的碱性磷酸酶活性,就各土层的平均值而言,碱性磷酸酶活性表现为JG4、JG5最高,JG1、CK最低,各处理较CK分别提高了 49.2%、37.5%、22.3%、15.2%和6.3%。秸秆还田各处理均不同程度提高了成熟期0-20cm 土层土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮,方差分析结果表明,JG5与JG4与CK相比提高幅度最明显,较CK分别提高了 36.2%和33.3%和94.5%和86.6%(P0.05)。4.秸秆还田各处理均不同程度提高了玉米的千粒重和产量,且随着还田量的增加,产量增幅越显著。各处理间具体表现为:JG5JG4JG3JG2JG1,各处理的千粒重和产量较 CK 分别提高了 12.0%、11.4%、10.8%、9.3%、3.9%和 7.1%、5.1%、2.9%、2.4%、1.7%。
[Abstract]:Straw is a rich renewable biological resource. Returning straw to the field can not only improve the soil structure and increase the soil nutrient content, but also improve the fertility of soil and improve the quality of cultivated land. In this study, the black soil physics of black soil was studied in the typical black soil area located in Zhalai Banner of XingUNITA in the east of Inner Mongolia. The soil physics of black soil was studied by means of 5 different straw returning quantities of 10000g / 100,000kg / hm ~ (2) N ~ (-1) 2000 ~ 13500kg / hm ~ (2) N ~ (-1) ~ (-1) kg / hm ~ (2) N ~ (CK). The effects of chemical and biological characters as well as maize yield were discussed, and the changing trend of soil physical and chemical properties in the process of transformation from straw to soil was clarified, and the improvement mechanism of straw returning to black soil was clarified. The results showed that compared with CK, the treatments of straw returning to the field increased the temperature of 0-10cm soil layer in seedling and maturity stage of maize. The soil temperature of jointing stage and filling stage was lower than that of jointing stage and filling stage. Compared with the cooling range of jointing stage and filling stage, the temperature increasing range of straw returning to the field was more significant in seedling and mature stage, and with the increase of straw returning to the field, The soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer in filling stage was significantly decreased by straw returning treatment, and the decrease of soil bulk density was more significant with the increase of straw returning amount, the more significant the decrease of soil bulk density was at seedling stage and jointing stage. The content of soil organic matter in 0-10cm and 10-20cm soil layers increased significantly, and with the increase of returning amount, the content of soil organic matter increased significantly. With the increase of returning amount, the content of soil organic matter increased, and the contents of nitrate no _ 3-N and NH _ 4-N decreased gradually with the development of growth period. The nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents in different soil layers at seedling stage were higher than those in other periods, and the contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen were not affected when the return amount was less than 12 000 kg / hm ~ 2. When the return amount was more than 12 000 kg / hm ~ 2, there was no significant effect on the nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents in the soil, and when the return amount was more than 12 000 kg / hm ~ (2), The content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil could be increased by straw returning treatment. The effect of straw returning treatment on soil enzyme activity was mainly concentrated in 0-20cm soil layer and 0-20cm soil layer. JG4 and JG5 increased by 51.5% and 38.8 respectively compared with CK. There was no significant difference in catalase activity between the treatments of 20-40cm and 40-60cm soil layers, but the catalase activity of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by straw returning treatment. With the increase of returning amount, the activity of catalase also increased, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer was increased in different degree by straw returning treatment, as far as the average value of each soil layer was concerned, The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was the lowest in JG4, JG5, the highest JG1CK, and increased by 49.2% and 6.30.5%, respectively, compared with CK. The soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in 0-20cm soil layer were increased in different degree by straw returning treatment. The results of variance analysis showed that JG5 increased significantly compared with JG4 and CK, and increased by 36.2% and 33.3%, 94.5% and 86.6P0.05U 路4.The yield and 1000-grain weight of maize were increased in different degree by straw returning treatment, and the yield increased with the increase of return amount. The higher the yield was, the more significant the yield was. The specific performance of the treatments was as follows: 1: JG5JG4JG3JG2JG1. The 1000-grain weight and yield of each treatment were 12.0% higher than that of CK, 12.0% higher than that of CK, 10.8% and 9.3% higher than CK, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141.4;S513

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