滨海轻度盐渍化土小麦水肥运筹模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 17:44

本文选题：滨海轻度盐渍化土　切入点：水肥运筹　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为探明黄河三角洲轻度盐渍化土水肥盐的互作效应关系,明确不同水肥运筹模式对轻度盐渍化土的盐碱改良效果及作物增产效应,本研究以水肥运筹模式(水分运筹模式,灌水1倍和1.5倍SPV,SPV为耕层土壤孔隙体积;肥料运筹模式,施肥N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-180,kg/hm2和N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2,基追比均分为1:1和1:2)的降盐增产效应为研究内容,在"渤海粮仓"科技示范工程项目示范区进行田间小麦试验。通过对小麦不同水肥运筹模式的控盐效果、土壤环境条件优化及养分提高和小麦增产效应的对比研究,筛选出了滨海轻度盐渍化土小麦最佳水肥运筹模式,为该地区小麦水肥运筹模式的应用与推广提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)本试验条件下,各水肥运筹模式均具有控盐效应。灌水1.5倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比运筹模式在整个小麦生育期0-100cm土体盐分含量较其它水肥运筹模式降低1.24%~41.81%,耕层土壤EC降低4.25%~36.93%,降低土壤容重0.12%~8.12%和提高土壤孔隙度1.79%~10.21%,降低土壤pH0.02~0.14单位,提高土壤有机质含量0.14%~0.52%,同时提高土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性,为最优控盐和调控土壤环境条件的水肥运筹模式。(2)与其它水肥运筹模式相比,灌水1倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比运筹模式在小麦拔节期至成熟期提高土壤全氮、碱解氮及有效磷含量分别达0.24%~2.37%,0.67%~13.43%和1.16%~24.52%,是较好保育土壤养分的水肥运筹模式。(3)施肥1:2基追比能大幅度提高小麦生物量及产量,提高幅度分别达到12.18%和27.05%,不施钾肥不会引起小麦生物量及产量的降低,灌水1倍与1.5倍SPV的小麦产量差异不显著。灌水1.5倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比运筹模式能提高氮肥与磷肥利用率10.00%~155.17%和1.02%~137.52%。灌水1倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比运筹模式平均提高水分利用率达50.44%。(4)灌水1倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比运筹模式最为经济有效;而灌水1.5倍SPV+施肥(N-P2O5-K2O:270-90-0,kg/hm2)1:2基追比运筹模式可作为当地长期控盐、稳产增产及提高水肥利用率的推荐水肥运筹模式。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the interaction effect of water, fertilizer and salt in mild salinized soil in the Yellow River Delta, and to determine the effect of saline-alkali improvement and crop yield on mildly salinized soil with different water and fertilizer operation modes, the study was conducted on the model of water and fertilizer operation. 1 and 1.5 times SPVV SPV were used as the soil pore volume of the tilling layer, and the effects of N P 2O 5 K 2O O: 270-90-180 kg / hm 2 and N P 2O 5 K 2O 2: 270-90 0 kg 路hm 2, N P 2O 5 K 2O 2: 1: 1 and 1: 2 were used to increase the yield of the topsoil, and the N P 2O 5 K 2O 2: 270-90 0 kg 路hm 2 and N P 2O 5 K 2O 2: 1: 1 and 1: 2 respectively. A field wheat experiment was carried out in the demonstration area of "Bohai granary" scientific and technological demonstration project. The effects of salt control, soil environmental conditions optimization, nutrient improvement and wheat yield increase on different water and fertilizer operation models of wheat were studied. The optimum water and fertilizer management model of wheat in littoral mildly salinized soil was selected, which provides a scientific basis for the application and popularization of wheat water and fertilizer operation model in this area. The main results are as follows: 1) under the condition of this experiment, All the models of water and fertilizer management had salt control effect. The nitrogen P2O5-K _ 2O _ 2: 270-90-0 kg 路kg ~ (-2) 路hm ~ (2) ~ (-1) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N _ (2) N ~ (2) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2) N _ (2. The weight of 0.12% was 8.12% and the porosity of the soil was 1.79% 10.21%, and the soil pH0.02~0.14 unit was decreased, The soil organic matter content was increased by 0.14 and 0.52, and the soil urease and sucrase activities were also increased. The model of water and fertilizer operation, which is the optimal control of salt and the regulation of soil environmental conditions, was compared with other water and fertilizer operation models. Fertilization of N-P2O5-K _ 2O: 270-90-0 kg 路kg ~ (-2) 路hm ~ (2 +) ~ (-1): 2 ~ (-1: 2) by irrigation with twice SPV increased soil total nitrogen from jointing stage to maturity stage of wheat. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus reached 0.24% 2.37% and 1.16% respectively 13.43% and 1.16% 24.52%, respectively. It is a better water and fertilizer application mode for soil nutrient conservation.) fertilization with 1: 2 base topdressing ratio can greatly increase wheat biomass and yield. The increase ranges were 12.18% and 27.05, respectively. Without potassium fertilizer, the biomass and yield of wheat were not decreased. There was no significant difference in wheat yield between 1 and 1. 5 times SPV irrigated with SPV, N-P2O5-K _ 2O: 270-90-0 kg 路kg 路hm ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg 路m ~ (-2) N ~ (-1) N fertilizer utilization rate of 10.00 ~ 155.17% and N ~ (2 +) P _ 2O _ 5-K _ 2O _ 2 = 270-90-0 kg 路hm ~ (2H ~ (2)) = 1: 1: 2 increased the average water and benefit compared with the operational model. The application rate of N P _ 2O _ 5-K _ 2O _ 2: 270-90-0 kg 路hm _ 2 路m ~ (2): 2 was higher than that of the operational model. The rate of irrigation was 50.440.44 and the ratio of SPV to N P2O5-K2O2: 270-90-0 kg / kg / hm ~ (2): 1: 2 was the most economical and effective. However, applying 1.5 times SPV fertilizer to N-P2O5-K _ 2O: 270-90-0 kg 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-2) 路kg ~ (-1) / kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ 2 can be used as the recommended water and fertilizer operation model for
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.4;S512.1

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