西双版纳不同林龄橡胶林土壤特征及水源涵养功能研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 10:22

本文选题：土壤养分　切入点：水源涵养功能　出处：《云南师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：森林具有保水、保肥功能,探讨不同森林植被群落的土壤肥力及涵养水源能力,对合理利用热带土壤,防止现有森林地力衰退,改善森林水分环境,实现水资源的科学管理具有现实意义。西双版纳不同植被类型土壤理化性质及水源涵养功能评价,对现有森林植被的经营方式提供参考,对森林植被群落的防护功能和涵养水源功能以及对西双版纳水源涵养林的可持续经营提供了科学依据。本文以西双版纳地区3种不同种植年限的橡胶林以及茶树林和次生林为研究对象,通过对各森林植被类型土壤理化指标的测试分析,结合数理统计方法,对不同植被群落的土壤肥力和水源涵养功能进行分析,并探讨不同环境因子对土壤肥力及水源涵养功能的影响。主要研究结果如下:(1)研究区土壤以黏粒和粉砂为主,其中粉沙为研究区的优势粒级,砂含量较低,土壤类型以粉质黏壤土、粉砂壤土为主,其次为粉质粘土。不同的森林植被类型,其粒度组分差异也明显不同。在橡胶林地中,随着种植时间的增加,土壤中的黏粒组分增加,相应的粉砂及砂粒含量降低。研究区的土壤平均容重介于1.37g/cm~3~1.56g/cm~3之间,各林型土壤容重均随土壤深度增加呈增大趋势,其中茶树林的土壤容重较低,可能与其土壤较高的有机质以及土壤的通透性有关。不同植被类型的土壤最大持水量变化范围在3276.72 t/hm~2~4566.16t/hm~2之间,不同林型间土壤持水能力有较大差异,其中以古茶树林的最大持水量最高。(2)各林型土壤化学性质变化表现为:土壤pH变化范围在4.245~5.425之间,属于酸性土壤,随着橡胶林种植年限增加土壤pH也随之上升;土壤0~70cm土层有机质均值含量排序为古茶树林22a橡胶林次生林10a橡胶林32a橡胶林;古茶树林土壤较肥沃,有机质含量最高,在3种林龄的橡胶林中以22a橡胶林最高,表层有机质含量远远高于平均值,而橡胶林土壤的有机质主要来源于枯落物、人工施用的有机肥等,表明橡胶园的人工管理对土壤有机质有一定影响。不同植被类型,其发育的土壤养分程度差异较大,其中茶树林全氮含量较高,而其他两种植被类型下的土壤氮含量相对较低。在磷素方面,茶树林也表现出类似的特点,而在钾素方面,22年橡胶林的土壤含量较高。(3)基于主成分分析法得出5种植被群落土壤养分含量平均得分:茶树林(29.58)次生林(22.81)10a橡胶林(17.05)22a橡胶林(15.17)32a橡胶林(15.07)。其中,茶树林土壤养分状况最好,可能与古茶树林树龄较大,树林茂盛,土壤较肥沃有关;而不同年限的橡胶林中以10a橡胶林的土壤养分状况最好,其次为22a、32a橡胶林,揭示出随着种植年限以及土层厚度的增加,导致土壤养分大量流失。此外,割胶也会带走大量营养元素,造成土壤肥力下降。(4)采用理想点法评价各林型水源涵养能力,发现不同植被类型得分差异较大:茶树林(0.147)22a橡胶林(0.707)次生林(0.839)32a橡胶林(0.851)10a橡胶林(0.942)。其中,古茶树林的水源涵养能力较高,主要由于表土壤肥沃,枯落物分解程度较高,土壤持水能力较强。不同林龄的橡胶林以22a橡胶林的水文功能最好,其次为32a橡胶林和10a橡胶林,但不同林龄的橡胶林间水源涵养功能整体差异不大,10a橡胶林由于处在幼龄期,林分结构单一,林下植被较少,水源涵养能力最差。32a橡胶林为即将更新的林型,橡胶林对土壤养分也消耗较大,水文功能处在两者之间。22a橡胶林是生产橡胶的黄金时期,受人工施肥、管理影响较大,水源涵养功能在三者之间表现最好。
[Abstract]:The forest has water, fertilizer conservation function of different forest vegetation communities on soil fertility and water conservation capacity, reasonable use of tropical soil, prevent existing forest soil degradation, improve forest water environment, has practical significance to achieve scientific management of water resources. The physicochemical properties and evaluation of soil water conservation function of different vegetation types in Xishuangbanna, provide reference to the existing forest vegetation management, provides a scientific basis for forest protection and water conservation function and sustainable management of water conservation forest in Xishuangbanna. 3 kinds of different planting years in Xishuangbanna area of rubber plantation and tea trees and forest as research object, through various types of forest vegetation on soil physicochemical test analysis, combined with the method of mathematical statistics, the fertility of soil and water conservation function of different vegetation communities can be divided into Analysis, and to explore the effects of different environmental factors on soil fertility and water conservation function. The main results are as follows: (1) the study area soil with clay and silt, the silt as the study area the advantage of particle size, sand content is low, soil types in silty clay loam, silt loam. The second is silty clay. Different types of forest vegetation, the grain size group differences were also significantly different. In rubber plantations, along with the increase of planting time, clay fractions increased in soil, reducing the silt and sand content. The average soil bulk density between the corresponding range of 1.37g/cm~3~1.56g/cm~3 in the study area, the bulk density of different forest types the soil was increased with soil depth, the soil bulk density of tea trees is low, may be related to higher soil organic matter and soil permeability. Different types of vegetation soil maximum moisture content in the range of 3276.72 t/ Hm~2~4566.16t/hm~2, among different forest types of soil water holding capacity is different, the largest ancient tea trees. The highest water holding capacity (2) changes of soil chemical properties in different forest types as follows: the change of soil pH in the range of 4.245~5.425, which belongs to the acidic soil, with soil pH increase with the increase of rubber plantation age; sort soil 0~70cm soil organic matter content is the mean of ancient tea trees 22a rubber 10A rubber 32A rubber forest secondary forest forest forest; ancient tea trees more fertile soil, organic matter content was the highest in 3 age of the rubber forest 22a in rubber plantation were the highest, the organic matter content is much higher than the average value, while the main source of forest organic rubber the soil in the litter, the artificial application of organic fertilizer, showed that the artificial rubber plantation management has certain effect on soil organic matter. Soil nutrients in different vegetation types, the development degree of different, among them The tea trees high in total nitrogen content, while the other two vegetation type soil nitrogen content under relatively low in phosphorus, tea trees also showed similar characteristics in potassium, soil content of 22 years of rubber plantation is higher. (3) the principal component analysis method of 5 vegetation communities in soil the nutrient content of tea trees based on the average score: (29.58) secondary forest (22.81) 10A (17.05) 22a rubber rubber plantation forest (15.17) 32A (15.07). The rubber plantation, forest soil nutrient status and the best tea, the ancient tea trees may be older, where trees and soil is fertile; and different ages in the rubber plantation soil nutrient 10A rubber plantation is best, followed by 22a, 32A rubber plantation, revealed as the planting years and increase the thickness of soil, leading to soil nutrient loss. In addition, tapping will take away a lot of nutrients, resulting in the decrease of soil fertility. (4) the ideal point Evaluation of various forest types of water conservation capacity of different vegetation types, found large differences in scores of tea trees: (0.147) 22a (0.707) rubber plantation forest (0.839) 32A (0.851) 10A rubber rubber plantation forest (0.942). Among them, the ancient tea trees on the water conservation capacity is higher, mainly due to the scale of fertile soil, withered litter decomposition degree, soil water holding ability. The different age of the rubber forest in rubber forest hydrological function 22a the best, followed by 32A 10A rubber plantation and rubber plantation, but the water conservation function of different age of the whole rubber trees had little difference, as in the young stage of 10A oak forest, forest structure, forest vegetation less, water conservation capacity of the worst.32a rubber plantation forest type for the upcoming update, rubber forest on soil nutrient consumption, hydrological function in between the two.22a rubber plantation is the gold period of the production of rubber, artificial fertilization and water management influence The function of source conservation is best between the three.

【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S714

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