稻虾共作对秸秆还田后稻田温室气体排放的影响

发布时间：2018-03-09 03:30

本文选题：稻虾共作　切入点：秸秆还田　出处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：稻虾共作模式是稻田种养复合模式的重要组成部分,其主要特点是稻草全量还田、非稻季持续淹水和周年养殖克氏原螯虾。目前对稻虾共作模式稻田温室气体排放的影响尚不清楚。本研究以江汉平原冬泡无稻草还田为对照,设置冬泡+稻草还田和冬泡+稻草还田+养虾处理,探讨稻草还田及稻虾共作对稻田系统CH_4、N_2O和CO_2排放的影响,为准确评估稻田温室气体排放提供数据支撑和理论支持。结果表明,在大田监测期间,冬泡+稻草还田处理CH_4累积排放量比冬泡无稻草还田处理显著增加(P0.05),2015年和2016年增幅分别为27.23%和60.08%;冬泡+稻草还田+养虾处理CH_4累积排放量比冬泡+稻草还田显著降低(P0.05),2015年和2016年降幅分别为29.02%和41.19%。冬泡+稻草还田处理CO_2累积排放比冬泡无稻草还田处理显著提高;与冬泡无稻草还田处理相比较,冬泡+稻草还田处理和冬泡+稻草还田+养虾处理对N_2O累积排放无显著影响。从温室效应角度看,冬泡+稻草还田处理温室效应比冬泡无稻草还田处理大幅度增加,而冬泡+稻草还田基础上进行养虾则可大幅度降低CH_4排放,从而降低因秸秆还田带来的温室效应增强。所有处理水稻产量无显著差异,与冬泡+稻草还田处理相比,冬泡+稻草还田+养虾可显著降低温室气体排放强度。和冬泡无稻草还田处理相比,冬泡+稻草还田和冬泡+稻草还田+养虾对土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、乙酸和NH_4~+-N并无显著影响。冬泡+稻草还田+养虾可极显著提高单位面积收益。
[Abstract]:The rice-shrimp co-cropping model is an important part of the hybrid model of rice field planting and raising, and its main characteristic is that the rice straw is returned to the field in full quantity. The effects of continuous flooding in non-rice season and annual cultivation of chelate shrimp on greenhouse gas emissions from rice-shrimp co-cropping rice fields are not clear. In this study, winter blisters without straw in Jianghan Plain were used as control. The effects of rice straw returning and rice shrimp farming on Ch _ 4N _ 2O and CO_2 emission from rice field system were studied. To provide data support and theoretical support for accurate assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields. The results show that during field monitoring, The cumulative CH_4 emission of winter straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of winter bubble straw no straw return treatment, the increase was 27.23% and 60.08 on 2015 and 2016, respectively, and the cumulative CH_4 emission of winter bubble straw returning to shrimp field was significantly higher than that of winter bubble rice straw returning to field. In 2015 and 2016, the decrease was 29.02% and 41.19.The cumulative CO_2 emission of winter straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of winter straw without straw returning treatment. There was no significant effect on N2O emission from winter straw returning treatment and winter bubble straw returning shrimp treatment compared with winter bubble straw no straw return treatment. From Greenhouse Effect point of view, there was no significant effect on N2O accumulation in Greenhouse Effect, and there was no significant effect on N2O emission from Greenhouse Effect. The CH_4 emission of Greenhouse Effect treated with winter straw returning to field increased significantly than that without straw, and shrimp culture on the basis of winter bubble straw could significantly reduce the CH_4 emission of Greenhouse Effect. Therefore, the Greenhouse Effect increase caused by straw returning to the field was reduced. There was no significant difference in rice yield among all treatments, and compared with winter straw returning treatment, The greenhouse gas emission intensity was significantly reduced when rice straw was returned to the field with winter bubble rice straw, and compared with the treatment without straw in winter bubble. There was no significant effect on soil soluble organic carbon (DOC), acetic acid and NH _ 4 ~ -N in soil by returning rice straw to field and shrimp culture on winter bubble straw, but the yield per unit area of shrimp was significantly increased by returning rice straw to field with winter bubble straw.
【作者单位】：农业部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站;湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/农业部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41301306) 湖北省农业科学院竞争性项目(2016jzxjh008);湖北省农业科学院重大研发成果培育专项项目(2017CGPY01)资助湖北省农业科技创新项目(2016-620-000-001-020) 国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD07B10)~~
【分类号】：S181;S511

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