煤矸石及贵州铜仁钾矿等制备肥料的研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 08:52

本文选题：肥料　切入点：不溶性钾矿　出处：《贵州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：钾资源总量约为11.95亿吨,钾盐储量为4.57亿吨,仅占世界的2.6%,依据水溶性,钾资源可分为水溶性钾盐资源和不溶性含钾矿物,水溶性含钾资源在我国储量非常少,但是不溶性钾矿资源却十分丰富,其储量大于1000亿吨。尽管不溶性钾矿资源储量巨大,由于技术和成本问题,不溶性钾矿资源未能很好地被开发利用,因此研究含钾岩石中钾的提取新技术是加快综合开发利用难溶性含钾岩石的关键。煤矸石是采煤过程中排放的固体废弃物,其大量堆积严重污染周围环境,但它含有作物生长所必需元素,把它掺杂于钾矿中营养物质全面。因此,本文利用细菌作用于钾矿与煤矸石掺杂物,将掺杂矿物中不溶性氮、磷、钾转化为可被作物吸收利用的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾制备微生物复合肥料,既能提高钾矿利用率,缓解我国肥料短缺,又能使煤矸石资源化再利用,降低煤矸石对污染的环境。对实验所用钾矿和煤矸石进行了矿物成分含量测定,以及巨大芽孢杆菌(ACCC10011)和硅酸盐细菌(GY03)的理化性质进行测试,结果显示本实验方法是可行的。本论文探究了在钾矿与煤矸石粒径、钾矿与煤矸石比例、体系干湿条件、接菌量、体系pH、培养时间、振荡等因素下巨大芽孢杆菌(ACCC10011)和硅酸盐细菌(GY03)分别处理钾矿与煤矸石掺杂物制备肥料的效果,以及两种细菌混合处理煤矸石与钾矿掺杂物制备肥料的效果,根据单因素实验探索出的最优条件,设计正交实验,以培养时间、钾矿与煤矸石比例、接菌量、pH、目数等影响较大的因素作为考察,采用L16(4)5正交表进行正交试验,确定制备肥料的最佳条件。研究结果显示:在最佳条件为两矿目数均为过200目,钾矿与煤矸石比例为3:1,接菌量为40.00ml,即9.2×1014-2.32×1015cfu/g,pH为6.0左右,培养时间为4天的条件下,利用巨大芽孢杆菌(ACCC10011)处理矿物制备的肥料速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮含量分别为1200 mg·kg-1、27.81 mg·kg-1、263.34mg·kg-1,其各成分的含量与原钾矿和煤矸石掺杂物相比含量提高1.94倍、21.90倍、10.55倍;在最佳条件为两矿目数均为过200目,钾矿与煤矸石比例为4:1,接菌量为35.00ml,即3.92×1015-3.96×1016cfu/g,pH为7.0左右,培养时间为12天的条件下,利用硅酸盐细菌(GY03)处理矿物制备的肥料速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮含量分别为800 mg?kg-1、44.06 mg?kg-1、63.76 mg?kg-1,其各成分的含量与原钾矿和煤矸石掺杂物相比含量提高1.29倍、37.66倍、2.30倍;在最佳条件为两矿目数均为过200目,钾矿与煤矸石比例为4:1,接菌量为45.00ml,即8.28×1014-1.18×1016cfu/g,pH为7.0左右,培养时间为10天的条件下,利用混合细菌处理矿物制备的肥料速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮含量分别为1300 mg·kg-1、85.49 mg·kg-1、155.23 mg·kg-1,其各成分的含量与原钾矿和煤矸石掺杂物相比含量提高2.10倍、73.07倍、5.60倍。利用巨大芽孢杆菌和硅酸盐细菌解离含有丰富营养物质的钾矿和煤矸石掺杂物制备的微生物复合肥料,可以很大程度的提高土壤肥力,缓解我国肥料短缺的局面,为我国研究利用钾矿制备肥料提供新的思路,为煤矸石废弃物再利用提供新的途径。本实验方法具有操作简便,原料易得,能耗少,对环境污染小等优势,符合国家节能减排、降耗、可持续发展的政策,有较好的工业开发前景,是将来通过低碳、环保新技术综合开发利用不溶性钾矿的重要发展方向。
[Abstract]:The total amount of potassium resources is about 11.95 tons of potash reserves of 4.57 tons, accounting for only 2.6% of the world, on the basis of water soluble potassium resources can be divided into soluble and insoluble potassium resource containing potassium mineral water, water soluble potassium resources are very few in China's reserves, but insoluble potassium ore resources very rich, its reserves of more than 1000 tons. Although insoluble potassium ore resource reserves, due to technical and cost problems, insoluble potassium ore resources are not developed and utilized well, so the study of new technology for extracting potassium potassium in rocks is to accelerate the comprehensive development and utilization of insoluble potassium bearing rocks of the key. Coal gangue is the solid waste in the process of coal mining, the accumulation of a large number of serious pollution to the surrounding environment, but it contains the necessary elements of crop growth, it is doped in the potassium ore nutrients comprehensively. Therefore, the bacterial action on potassium ore and coal gangue doped material, the doping of ore Nitrogen, insoluble phosphorus, potassium can be transformed to be absorbed by crops nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for preparation of microbial compound fertilizer can increase the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer in China, alleviate the shortage, and then make use of coal gangue resources, reduce environmental pollution of coal gangue. Potassium ore and coal gangue for the measured mineral composition, and Bacillus megaterium (ACCC10011) and silicate bacteria (GY03) physicochemical properties were tested, results showed that this method was feasible. This thesis explores the potassium ore and gangue particle diameter, potassium ore and coal the proportion of gangue, system of wet and dry conditions, inoculationquantity, system pH, culture time, oscillation factors such as Bacillus megaterium (ACCC10011) and silicate bacteria (GY03) were treated with potassium ore gangue dopant preparation fertilizer effect, and two kinds of mixed coal gangue and mine doped potassium bacteria Preparation of fertilizer effect, according to the optimal conditions of single factor experiment of orthogonal experimental design, with the incubation time, potassium ore and gangue proportion, inoculationquantity, pH, and other influential factors as the number of visits, 5 by L16 (4) orthogonal test, the optimum conditions of preparation. Fertilizer. The results showed: in the best conditions for the two mesh ore are 200 mesh, potassium ore and gangue proportion is 3:1, the inoculation amount is 40.00ml, which is 9.2 * 1014-2.32 * 1015cfu/g, pH is about 6, the incubation time is 4 days under the condition of using Bacillus megaterium (ACCC10011) treatment potassium fertilizer, mineral preparation of effective phosphorus, nitrogen content of alkali solution were 1200 mg - kg-1,27.81 Mg - kg-1263.34mg - kg-1, the content of each component and the original potassium ore and coal gangue dopant content compared to increase 1.94 times, 21.90 times, 10.55 times; in the best conditions for the two to 200 mesh ore, Potassium ore and gangue proportion is 4:1, the inoculation amount is 35.00ml, which is 3.92 * 1015-3.96 * 1016cfu/g, pH is about 7, the incubation time is 12 days under the condition of using silicate bacteria (GY03) with potassium fertilizer, mineral preparation of effective phosphorus, alkali solution nitrogen content was 800 mg kg-1,44.06? Mg? Kg-1,63.76 mg? Kg-1, the content of each component and the original potassium ore and coal gangue dopant content compared to increase 1.29 times, 37.66 times, 2.30 times; in the best conditions for the two mesh ore are 200 mesh, potassium ore and gangue proportion is 4:1, the inoculation amount is 45.00ml, which is 8.28 * 1014-1.18 * 1016cfu/g, pH is about 7, the incubation time is 10 days under the condition of phosphorus fertilizer utilization of available potassium, mixed bacteria processing mineral preparation, alkali solution nitrogen content was 1300 Mg - kg-1,85.49 Mg - kg-1155.23 Mg - kg-1, the content of each component and the original potassium ore and gangue dopant compared with the content increase of 2.10 Times, 73.07 times, 5.60 times. The use of Bacillus megaterium and dissociation of silicate bacteria rich microbial compound fertilizer potassium ore and coal gangue dopant prepared nutrients, can greatly improve soil fertility, ease China's fertilizer shortage situation, for our country to study the preparation of mineral fertilizer to provide new ideas by K, provide a new way for the coal gangue waste reuse. This method has the advantages of simple operation, easy to get raw materials, low energy consumption, little environmental pollution and other advantages, in line with the national energy saving, energy, sustainable development policy, there are good prospects for industrial development, is the future of the low carbon, environmental protection and new technology development the important development direction of insoluble potassium ore.

【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ440.4

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