微生物制剂对土壤肥力及马铃薯产量品质的影响

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:54

本文选题：双微肥　切入点：生物钾肥　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：针对我国马铃薯生产过程中以化肥为主的施肥现状引起马铃薯产量提高达到瓶颈和土壤肥力下降问题,本试验以马铃薯和微生物肥为研究对象,双微肥设为0 kg/hm2,7.5 kg/hm2,15 kg/hm2,30 kg/hm2 4个水平,分别记为A0、A1、A2、A3;生物钾肥设为0 kg/hm2,15 kg/hm2,30 kg/hm2,60 kg/hm2 4个水平,分别记为B0、B1、B2、B3,通过大田试验,研究了不同微生物肥及不同用量对马铃薯生长、产量、品质和土壤生化强度、土壤养分的影响。主要研究结果如下:双微肥、生物钾肥及二者配施对土壤生化活性有一定的促进作用,土壤养分含量也得到一定提升,其培肥效果明显优于传统施肥方式。整个生育期内,双微肥对土壤氨化强度促进作用明显,以处理B2A2氨化强度最大,与B0A0相比,增幅达36.52%。生物钾肥土壤氨化作用在块茎膨大期和淀粉积累期提高作用显著,双微肥与生物钾肥配施对氨化强度只有在块茎膨大期表现显著促进作用。生物钾肥对土壤有机磷转化强度提高作用显著,整个生育时期,土壤有机磷转化强度以A2B2处理最高,溶磷增量平均为23.43mg/L,与A0B0相比,增幅为17.15%;双微肥、生物钾肥及二者配施对土壤无机磷转化强度无明显促进作用。双微肥和生物钾肥对土壤解钾强度在马铃薯生长各时期均表现出显著促进作用,生物钾肥处理(F=22.38)显著性大于双微肥处理(F=10.95)。一定施肥范围内,双微肥、生物钾肥及二者配施对土壤速效氮、有效钾含量有一定提高作用,不同处理土壤速效氮的含量为114.6~129.0mg/kg,其中以B1A3最高,B2A2次之,增幅分别为12.6%和11.6%;土壤有效钾的含量随生物钾肥的增加而升高,各处理差异达到显著水平。不同施肥处理对土壤速效磷含量影响不显著。一定施肥量范围内,双微肥、生物钾肥及二者配施对马铃薯株高表现出促进趋势,马铃薯株高以生物钾肥B2处理最高,差异显著,株高达70.37cm,与B0A0相比,增幅为12.43%。生物钾肥对茎粗影响不显著,适量水平(A1、A2)对茎粗有促进作用,过量(A3)对茎粗促进作用下降甚至出现抑制作用,马铃薯茎粗最终以B2A2处理最大,比A0B0增加1.92mm。各处理对马铃薯产量有一定的促进作用,增幅为8.25~23.10%,以B3A2为最高,B2A2次之,分别达35375.3kg/hm2、35040.4kg/hm2;大中薯率以A2B2处理最大,达91.47%,双微肥A3水平大中薯率明显降低,差异达到显著水平。一定施肥范围内,双微肥、生物钾肥及二者配施对马铃薯品质均有一定促进作用,具体表现为:对块茎干物质含量、Vc含量、蛋白质含量均有一定增加作用,对块茎还原糖含量有一定降低作用,处理间差异显著;对块茎淀粉含量略有增加,各处理间差异不显著。综合考虑马铃薯产量、品质、土壤肥力结合经济效益分析,本研究得出双微肥15kg/hm2,生物钾肥30kg/hm2与化肥配施为最优施肥处理。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems of increasing potato yield and decreasing soil fertility caused by fertilizer application in potato production in China, potato and microbial fertilizer were studied in this experiment. The double microelement fertilizer was set at 0 kg / hm ~ (2 +) 7.5 kg 路hm ~ (2 +) 15 kg 路hm ~ (2) ~ (30) kg/hm2, respectively, and was recorded as A _ 0 A _ (1) A _ (1) A ~ (2 +) A _ (2) A _ (3) and 0 kg ~ (-1) 路hm ~ (2 +) ~ (15) kg 路hm ~ (2 +) ~ (20) kg 路hm ~ (2o) ~ (60) kg/hm2, respectively. Through field experiments, the growth and yield of potato with different microbial fertilizer and different dosage were studied. The main results are as follows: double micro-fertilizer, bio-potash fertilizer and their combination can promote soil biochemistry activity, and the soil nutrient content is also improved. During the whole growth period, the effect of double microelement fertilizer on soil ammoniation was obvious, and the ammoniation intensity of treatment B2A2 was the highest, compared with that of B0A0. The increase was 36.52. The effect of soil ammoniation of bio-potash fertilizer was significant in tuber expansion stage and starch accumulation stage. The combined application of dual-microelement fertilizer and bio-potash fertilizer promoted ammoniation intensity significantly only in tuber expansion stage, and biological potash fertilizer had significant effect on soil organic phosphorus transformation intensity, and A2B2 treatment had the highest soil organic phosphorus conversion intensity in the whole growing period. The average increment of dissolved phosphorus is 23.43 mg / L, which is 17.15% higher than that of A0B0. Bio-potash fertilizer and their combined application had no significant effect on soil inorganic phosphorus conversion intensity, but double-microelement fertilizer and bio-potash fertilizer had significant promoting effect on soil potassium dissociation intensity in potato growth stages. Bio-potash fertilizer treatment (F _ (22. 38)) was significantly higher than that of double microelement fertilizer treatment (F _ (10) 95). In a certain range of fertilizer application, double microelement fertilizer, biological potash fertilizer and their combined application had a certain effect on soil available nitrogen and available potassium content. The content of available nitrogen in different treatments was 114.6 ~ 129.0 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1), in which B1A3 was the second highest, with the increase of 12.6% and 11.6, respectively, and the content of soil available potassium increased with the increase of bio-potassium fertilizer. The effect of different fertilization treatments on soil available phosphorus content was not significant. In a certain range of fertilization, double microelement fertilizer, biological potash fertilizer and their combined application showed a trend of promoting potato plant height. The plant height of potato treated with biological potassium fertilizer B2 was the highest (70.37 cm), the increase was 12.43 cm compared with B0A0. The effect of biological potassium fertilizer on stem diameter was not significant. The stem diameter of potato treated with B2A2 was the largest, which was 1.92 mm2 higher than that of A0B0.Each treatment had a certain promoting effect on potato yield, with an increase of 8.25% 23.10%, followed by B3A2 as the highest. The percentage of large and medium tuber was the highest in A2B2 treatment, and reached 91.47. The rate of large and medium tuber at A3 level decreased obviously, and the difference reached significant level. Within a certain fertilization range, double microelement fertilizer, biological potash fertilizer and their combined application could promote potato quality to a certain extent. The results showed that the content of VC and protein in tuber were increased, the content of reducing sugar in tuber was decreased, the difference between treatments was significant, and the content of starch in tuber was slightly increased. Considering the economic benefit of potato yield, quality and soil fertility, it was concluded that the combination of double microelement fertilizer 15 kg / hm 2, biological potassium fertilizer 30 kg / hm 2 and chemical fertilizer was the best fertilization treatment.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158;S532

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