覆盖材料和沟垄比对土壤水分和紫花苜蓿干草产量的影响

发布时间：2018-03-13 14:51

本文选题：垄沟集雨　切入点：紫花苜蓿　出处：《生态学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为寻求半干旱黄土高原区种植紫花苜蓿的适宜覆盖材料和最佳沟垄比,采用完全随机设计布置大田试验,以传统平作为对照,研究不同垄覆盖材料(土壤结皮、生物可降解地膜和普通地膜)和不同沟垄比(沟宽:垄宽分别为60∶30、60∶45和60∶60,单位是cm)对土壤水分和紫花苜蓿干草产量等的影响。结果表明:通过对2012年和2013年紫花苜蓿生育期降雨量统计,2a平均值显示,无效降雨次数(53次)大于有效降雨次数(27次),无效降雨对总降雨量的贡献率(19%)小于有效降雨(81%)。就紫花苜蓿全生育期而言,与平作相比,SR_(30)、SR_(45)、SR_(60)、BMR_(30)、BMR_(45)、BMR_(60)、CMR_(30)、CMR_(45)和CMR_(60)(SR、BMR和CMR分别代表土垄、生物可降解膜垄和普通膜垄,下标分别表示垄宽为30、45cm和60cm)连续2a的平均根层(0—140 cm)土壤贮水量分别提高12.8、19.2、24.4、26.0、30.7、40.5、29.9、37.1 mm和47.7 mm。垄沟集雨种植第1年龄和第2年龄紫花苜蓿根层没有出现明显干层。与平作相比,SR_(30)、SR_(45)和SR_(60)的连续2a紫花苜蓿平均实际干草产量分别降低3%、8%和13%,WUE分别提高52%、58%和55%;BMR_(30)、BMR_(45)、BMR_(60)、CMR_(30)、CMR_(45)和CMR_(60)的连续2a紫花苜蓿平均实际干草产量分别提高14%、12%、7%、17%、19%和9%,WUE分别提高49%、62%、59%、51%、67%和56%。当紫花苜蓿生育期降雨量为380.7—427.6 mm和沟垄比为60 cm∶35—36 cm时,生物可降解膜垄和普通膜垄的紫花苜蓿实际干草产量达到最大值,为该地区垄沟集雨种植紫花苜蓿提供参考。
[Abstract]:In order to find the suitable mulching material and furrow ratio for alfalfa planting in semi-arid loess plateau, the field experiment was conducted with complete random design, and the different ridge mulching materials (soil crust) were studied with traditional level as control. The effects of biodegradable mulching film and common mulching film on soil moisture and yield of alfalfa hay were studied in different furrow / ridge ratio (furrow width: furrow width: 60: 30: 60: 45 and 60: 60 in cm). The results showed that the soil moisture and the yield of alfalfa hay were increased in 2012 and 2013. The mean value of precipitation in alfalfa growth period was 2a. For the whole growth period of alfalfa, compared to the total growth period of alfalfa, the number of cases of ineffective rainfall is greater than that of effective rainfall (27 times) and the contribution rate of invalid rainfall to total rainfall is 19). For the whole growth period of alfalfa, compared with plain work, compared with plain work, the number of cases of ineffective rainfall is higher than that of the number of effective rainfall. Biodegradable film ridges and ordinary film ridges, The soil water storage was increased by 12.819. 2 ~ 24. 4 ~ 26. 0 ~ 30. 7 ~ 30. 7 ~ 29. 9 ~ 37. 1 mm and 47. 7 mm respectively. There was no obvious dry layer in the root layer of alfalfa at the first and second ages of the ridge catchment and the second age, respectively. There was no obvious dry layer in the root layer of alfalfa in the first and second ages of the ridge catchment cultivation, and the soil water storage was increased by 12. 819. 2% and 30. 7% respectively. The results showed that there was no obvious dry layer in the root layer of alfalfa. The average actual hay production of alfalfa for 2 years is reduced by 3 8% and 13WUE, respectively, by 52 58% and 5 55%, respectively, and the number of BMRs is increased by 52 58% and 55 5% respectively.) the average actual actual hay production of alfalfa for 2 years has increased by 1 412 717 19% and 9 WUE by 4 962 5959 567% and 56. 67%, respectively, in both the continuous 2a alfalfa average actual hay production and the continuous 2 year alfalfa average actual hay production. When the rainfall was 380.7-427.6 mm and the ratio of furrow and ridge was 60 cm:35-36 cm, The actual yield of alfalfa with biodegradable film ridges and common film ridges reached the maximum, which provided a reference for planting alfalfa with rain-harvesting in this area.
【作者单位】：甘肃农业大学草业学院;甘肃农业大学农学院;中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省气候变化与减灾重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41461062,41161090)
【分类号】：S152.7;S541.9

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