河口湿地土壤有机质矿化特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 15:53

本文选题：河口湿地　切入点：土壤有机质　出处：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河口湿地是陆地物质向海洋输送的主要缓冲场所,随着城市的快速发展,大量的养分物质排入内陆河流,河水携带着养分物质流经河口湿地,排放至海洋当中,此过程势必会对湿地土壤理化环境产生影响。河北省秦皇岛市鸽子窝湿地和辽宁盘锦双台河口湿地都属于国家级湿地自然保护区,地处渤海湾内半开放海域环境,土壤微环境十分特殊,同时受周期性淹水产生的厌氧条件和周期性海水盐效应的影响,与陆地土壤相比具有地学、水文、化学、生物学等方面的特殊性。本文采用河口湿地室内模拟实验,在相对封闭的环境下模拟自然涨落潮活动,对河口湿地土壤基础生化性状的变化情况进行为期300天的监测;同时对两个湿地土壤进行连续一年(4月份到12月份)的野外定位采样,探究河口湿地土壤有机质来源以及监测自然条件下土壤有机质、微生物量及土壤基础性状等的变化;然后利用Arc GIS软件对鸽子窝河口湿地土壤有机质含量的时空变异情况进行分析;最后以玉米叶、萱藻、碱蓬草、蔗糖作为添加物料对河口湿地土壤进行了28天的连续培养。得出以下结论:(1)与自然条件下相比,两个湿地的土壤在培养箱中有机质含量偏低、土壤微生物量偏高、土壤p H值略小。两个湿地的土壤有机质含量在培养箱中第0-30天呈下降趋势,随后处于稳定状态;土壤微生物量在培养箱中前60天呈增加趋势,鸽子窝湿地土壤出现小幅下降后含量趋于稳定状态,双台河湿地土壤从第60天开始下降,第150天下降到与刚开始持平状态并逐渐趋于稳定;两个湿地的土壤p H值在培养箱中0-60天呈减小趋势,随后逐渐恢复到原来大小。(2)通过为期一年的野外连续取样监测结果表明,河口湿地土壤有机质主要来自于湿地植物的凋落与海洋植物的分解;土壤有机质含量变化趋势为,鸽子窝湿地从4月份逐渐增加到7月份后进入稳定期,10月份开始土壤有机质含量逐渐下降到4月份的水平直至土壤进入冰冻状态。双台河湿地在4月份逐渐增加到6月份后有所下降,8月份后与4月份含量持平并一直处于稳定状态;土壤微生物量变化趋势为,鸽子窝湿地从4月份增加到8月份后处于稳定状态,10月份到12月份呈下降趋势,土壤开始冰冻时下降到了5月份水平。双台河湿地在4月份到8月份处于增加状态,随后缓慢下降到与6月份持平水平,并趋于稳定;土壤有机质含量与微生物量呈显著正相关。(3)鸽子窝湿地土壤有机质含量具有一定的时空变异性。时间上,一年中有机质含量最大值6.14 g/kg出现在夏季,最小值1.46 g/kg出现在冬季,年均值为2.87g/kg。春、夏、秋、冬四季的SOM含量变化范围分别是:1.61~3.96 g/kg、1.65~6.14g/kg、1.81~5.17 g/kg、1.46~5.16 g/kg,表层土壤有机碳储量大小按春、夏、冬、秋四季依次增大,有机碳储量在冬春、春夏、夏秋、秋冬季节更替中的变化情况为减少93.07 t、增加77.63 t、增加108.93 t、减少93.49 t。空间上,土壤有机质含量分布规律总体呈现西高东低的趋势。(4)土壤有机质激发效应实验表明,在双台河湿地土壤中添加外源物表现出来的激发效果比鸽子窝湿地的土壤明显,在鸽子窝湿地土壤中添加萱藻会表现出负激发效果,添加玉米叶、碱蓬草、蔗糖则表现出正激发效果,在双台河湿地土壤中添加玉米叶、萱藻、碱蓬草、蔗糖都表现出正激发效果。以玉米叶作为添加物,鸽子窝湿地土壤在0-7天激发效果表现为强烈正激发,随后转为负激发,双台河湿地土壤在0-7天激发效果表现为微弱的正激发,随后转为负激发;以萱藻作为添加物,双台河湿地土壤在0-28天都表现为正激发,而鸽子窝湿地土壤在0-7天为强烈的正激发,随后转为负激发;以碱蓬草作为添加物,两个湿地的土壤都表现为正激发,但效果呈减弱趋势;以蔗糖作为添加物,鸽子窝湿地的土壤在0-14天为强烈正激发效果,随后转为微弱的负激发效果,双台河湿地的土壤在0-28天都表现为正激发,但在0-14天比较强烈,随后转为微弱正激发。
[Abstract]:The estuary wetland is the main place of land to ocean buffer material, with the rapid development of the city, a large number of nutrients discharged into the river, the river carries nutrients through the estuary wetland, discharge to the ocean, this process is bound to affect the wetland soil physicochemical environment. Hebei city of Qinhuangdao province and Liaoning Panjin dove nest wetland Shuangtaihekou wetland belongs to National Wetland Nature Reserve, located in the Gulf of Bohai semi open ocean environment, soil micro environment is very special, and affected by the periodic flooding produced by anaerobic conditions and periodic sea salt effect, compared with terrestrial soil with geology, hydrology, chemistry, biology and other aspects of the particularity estuarine wetland. This paper uses the indoor simulation experiment in a relatively closed environment to simulate the natural ebb and flow, the changes of estuary wetland soil basic biochemical characters. Monitoring for a period of 300 days; at the same time for the two consecutive year of wetland soil (April to December) the field sampling, explore the estuary wetland soil organic matter sources and monitoring under natural conditions, soil organic matter, changes of microbial biomass and soil foundation etc.; then the spatio-temporal variation of wetland soil organic dove Wo the matter was analyzed by Arc GIS software; finally, using corn leaves, scytosiphon, salsa grass, sucrose as material on estuarine wetland soil were cultured for 28 days. Draw the following conclusions: (1) compared with the natural conditions, two wetland soil organic matter content is low in the culture box. Soil microbial biomass is higher, soil P value of H is smaller. The content of soil organic matter in two wetlands in the incubator in 0-30 days showed a downward trend, then in a stable state; soil microbial biomass in the culture box in the top 60 Days showed an increasing trend, dove declined slightly after the nest wetland soil content tended to be stable, the Shuangtaihe wetland soil decreased from the beginning of the sixtieth day, 150th of the world down to begin with flat state and gradually stabilized; two wetland soil P H value in the incubator for 0-60 days decreased, then gradually restored to the original size. (2) through continuous field sampling and monitoring results for one year showed that the litter decomposition of wetland soil organic matter mainly from wetland plants and marine plants; change trend of soil organic matter content, dove nest wetlands from April increased to July after October entered a period of stability, soil organic matter the content gradually decreased to the level of April until the soil into the frozen state. Two river wetland in April increased to June declined after August and April were flat and has been In a stable state; soil microbial biomass trends, dove nest wetlands increased from April to August in a steady state, the downward trend in December to October, soil start freezing fell to the level in May. The Shuangtaihe wetland in April to August is increased, then decreased slowly to the level and tends to be flat with June, stability; there was significant positive correlation between soil organic matter content and microbial biomass. (3) dove Wo soil organic matter content in wetland has certain temporal and spatial variability. In time, the content of organic matter in a year, the maximum value of 6.14 g/ kg in the summer, the minimum value of 1.46 g/kg in winter, spring and summer average value is 2.87g/kg.. In autumn, winter seasons change range of SOM content are: 1.61~3.96 g/kg, 1.65~6.14g/kg, 1.81~5.17 g/kg, 1.46~5.16 g/kg, soil organic carbon reserves according to the size of the spring, summer, winter, autumn is increased in turn. Organic carbon reserves in the winter, spring and summer, summer, autumn and winter changes replacement for the reduction of the 93.07 T, increased 77.63 T, increased 108.93 T, 93.49 reduction in the T. space, the content of soil organic matter distribution shows the East West High low trend. (4) soil organic matter excitation effect experiments show that adding the effect of exogenous excitation thing show up in the river wetland soils in two wetland soil litter than dove, dove in the nest in the wetland soil added scytosiphon will exhibit negative effects, add corn leaves, salsa grass, sucrose had positive priming effect, add corn leaves, in the river wetland soils in double Taiwan scytosiphon, salsa grass, sucrose have shown a positive effect. In order to stimulate corn leaves as additives, dove Wo wetland soil in 0-7 days to stimulate the effect of the performance of strong excitation, then turn to negative, the Shuangtaihe wetland soil in 0-7 days to stimulate the effect of the performance of micro Is to stimulate the weak, then turned to negative excitation; scytosiphon as additive, Shuangtaihe wetland soil in 0-28 days have shown positive excitation, while dove nest wetland soil in 0-7 days is strongly excited, then turn to negative; Suaeda grass as additives, soil two wetlands are shows a positive stimulation, but the effect was decreased; using sucrose as additive, dove nest wetland soils in 0-14 days for strong positive priming effect, then turn to weak negative excitation effect, two river wetland soils in 0-28 days have shown positive excitation, but in 0-14 days is strong, then turn for the faint is inspiring.

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6

【参考文献】