粉垄耕作对小麦玉米产量及耕层土壤养分的影响

发布时间：2018-03-15 01:29

本文选题：粉垄耕作　切入点：小麦　出处：《土壤通报》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：通过在河南省温县(2013~2014年)和西华县(2014~2015年)小麦、玉米2季作物的试验,研究粉垄耕作对作物产量、土壤养分(碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质)含量的影响,并分析耕作措施与作物生产、养分吸收的关系,为作物高产和施肥管理提借鉴。小麦播种季,设旋耕(12~16 cm,CK),粉垄耕作(FL1:20~30 cm,FL2:30~40 cm)3个处理,夏玉米在小麦收获后贴茬播种,其它一切农事操作均保持一致。结果表明,FL1、FL2处理小麦当季平均增产幅度分别为18.5%、23.5%,FL2FL1;玉米季,FL1、FL2处理的平均增产幅度分别为10.4%、5.8%。土壤养分方面,与CK相比,FL1、FL2处理能够增加小麦成熟期潮土土壤速效钾含量,平均增加74.49 mg kg~(-1),显著降低土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有机质含量,降低玉米季土壤耕层速效养分含量。FL1、FL2处理显著增加砂姜黑土土壤有效磷含量,平均高2.2 mg kg~(-1),降低土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量,分别平均降低7.54 mg kg~(-1)、13.38 mg kg~(-1)。小麦季,FL1、FL2处理的氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力均显著高于CK,比CK高出5~19个单位;玉米季,偏生产力比CK高出3~15个单位。说明在养分投入、农事操作等保持一致的条件下,粉垄耕作(FL1,FL2)能够增加小麦、玉米两季作物产量,促进作物对养分的吸收,特别是氮的吸收。此外,适当增加耕作层的厚度更有助于当季小麦产量的提高。
[Abstract]:The effects of silt tillage on crop yield, soil nutrients (alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter) were studied by experiments on wheat and maize crops in Wenxian County, Henan Province from 2013 to 2014 and Xihua County from 2014 to 2015. The relationship between tillage measures and crop production and nutrient absorption was also analyzed, which could be used as a reference for high yield crop and fertilizer management. In wheat sowing season, rotation tillage was set up with 12 ~ (16) cm ~ (-1) CK, silt tillage was treated with FL1: 20 ~ (30 cm) FL2: 30 ~ (40 cm), and summer maize was sown after wheat harvest. The results showed that the average yield of wheat treated with FL1 / FL2 was 18.52FL1, and that of FL-2FL2 in maize was 10.45.80.The results showed that the average yield of wheat treated with FL1 / FL2 was 10.4% and 5.8%, respectively, and the average yield of FL-2FL1 in maize was 10.4% and 5.8%, respectively, in the field of soil nutrients. Compared with CK treatment, the available potassium content in fluvo-soil was increased by 74.49 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) N, available phosphorus and organic matter. The available phosphorus content in soil of shajiang black soil was significantly increased by reducing the available nutrient content. FL1 + FL2 treatment significantly increased the available phosphorus content of sandy ginger black soil, and decreased soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium content by an average of 7.54 mg / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) C ~ (-1) and 13.38 mg / kg ~ (-1) K ~ (-1), respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus of F _ (1) F _ (2) treatment in wheat season were increased significantly. The partial productivity of potassium fertilizer was significantly higher than that of CK, which was 5 ~ 19 units higher than that of CK, and that of maize season was 3 ~ 15 units higher than that of CK. The yield of maize crops in two seasons can promote the nutrient absorption, especially the absorption of nitrogen. In addition, increasing the thickness of tiller layer is helpful to the increase of wheat yield in the current season.
【作者单位】：河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所;西华县农业科学研究所;河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31301284) “十二五”科技支撑计划循环农业项目(2012BAD14B08、2012BAD14B04) 河南省重点科技攻关项目(132102110068) 河南省产粮大省项目(HN0026) 院县共建项目(YX018) 农牧一体化项目(NM007)资助
【分类号】：S158;S513

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