长期施用有机和无机肥对红壤微生物群落特征及功能的影响

发布时间：2018-03-18 16:56

本文选题：长期施肥　切入点：红壤　出处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：以建于1990年的湖南祁阳长期有机无机定位试验为平台,选择不施肥、无机肥、有机肥及有机肥化肥配施4个处理,利用高通量测序和实时荧光定量技术,研究了长期施用有机肥和无机肥祁阳红壤细菌和真菌的群落特征;利用常规分析方法,研究了土壤微生物呼吸、酶活性和土壤基本理化性质,探索了长期施肥的土壤微生物群落结构与其功能以及土壤养分之间的关系。结果表明,长期施肥改变了土壤的pH值和养分循环;长期施用有机肥增加细菌与真菌种群丰度和多样性;单施化肥增加了真菌种群丰度与多样性,但是对细菌的种群丰度与多样性影响不大;施肥显著改变了土壤细菌与真菌的群落结构,细菌群落结构的改变显著影响土壤微生物呼吸、β-纤维素二糖水解酶以及酚氧化物酶的活性,而真菌群落的改变对微生物的功能影响不明显。本研究表明,施用有机肥不但可以缓解化肥引起的土壤酸化,还能支持更大、更丰富的微生物群体,从而维持更高的土壤活性,对维持或提高土壤肥力具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Based on the long-term organic-inorganic localization test in Qiyang, Hunan Province, established in 1990, four treatments were selected, including no fertilization, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer fertilizer. High throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative technique were used. The community characteristics of bacteria and fungi in red soil of Qiyang Red soil were studied by long-term application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and soil microbial respiration, enzyme activity and basic physical and chemical properties of soil were studied by conventional analysis method. The relationship between the structure of soil microbial community and its function and soil nutrients was explored. The results showed that long-term fertilization changed the pH value and nutrient cycle of soil. Long-term application of organic fertilizer increased the population abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi, but only applied chemical fertilizer increased the population abundance and diversity of fungi, but had little effect on the population abundance and diversity of bacteria. Fertilization significantly changed the community structure of soil bacteria and fungi, and the changes of bacterial community structure significantly affected soil microbial respiration, 尾 -cellulose hydrolase and phenoloxidase activities. But the change of fungal community has no obvious effect on the function of microorganism. This study shows that organic fertilizer can not only alleviate soil acidification caused by chemical fertilizer, but also support larger and richer microbial population, thus maintaining higher soil activity. It is of great significance to maintain or improve soil fertility.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41571297)
【分类号】：S154.3

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