鸡粪对棕壤土养分、重金属含量及秋葵生长的影响

发布时间：2018-03-20 06:43

本文选题：鸡粪　切入点：棕壤土　出处：《天津农学院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代畜禽养殖技术的应用,畜禽粪便已成为我国农村面源污染的主要来源,成为许多重要水源地、江河、湖泊严重污染和富营养化的主要原因。禽粪中含有大量有机质、氮素等作物生长发育的营养物质,能够提高土壤肥力、改善土壤环境,增加作物产量和品质,也是生态农业模式的重要环节。土壤是人类重要的自然资源,是作物生长的必要条件,如何在农田中合理施用禽粪、促进土壤可持续发展是当前科技工作者探求的重要课题。本试验以鸡粪为切入点,以秋葵为研究材料,按照随机区组排列的试验设计,设置不同的粪便施用梯度处理,具体施肥处理是:(1)CK处理:化肥;(2)T1处理:2 t/666.7m2鸡粪+化肥;(3)T2处理:4 t/666.7 m2鸡粪+化肥;(4)T3处理:6 t/666.7 m2鸡粪+化肥;(5)T4处理:8 t/666.7 m2鸡粪+化肥;(6)T5处理:10 t/666.7 m2鸡粪+化肥。针对在湖北武汉棕壤土对当地秋葵产量、品质及土壤养分、酶活性及重金属含量的变化进行了研究,探索鸡粪对棕壤土氮素、影响氮素转化的酶、有机质、重金属含量以及秋葵产量和品质的影响。具体研究结果如下:1、鸡粪施用后,随着施用鸡粪用量的增加,土壤全氮的含量也随着增加,施用鸡粪8 t/666.7 m2以上时与CK处理相比呈极显著差异水平,施用鸡粪60天内有效地增加土壤全氮的含量,多施鸡粪能显著提高土壤铵态氮含量,有效增加土壤硝态氮含量,能显著提高土壤蛋白酶和脲酶活性;土壤有机质含量与CK相比呈极显著差异水平,pH值呈先下降后增加趋势,化肥处理pH最低,降幅也较大,增施鸡粪还有效增加土壤微生物量碳含量。2、0-20 cm土层Cd的含量,T5处理(10 t/666.7 m2)Cd含量最高,CK处理Cd含量最低,鸡粪施用量在8 t/666.7 m2以下,0-20 cm、20-40 cm和40-60 cm土层Cd的含量与CK处理相比差异不显著,参照中国土壤环境质量标准值(GB 15618_1995),除0-20 cm土层T5处理Cd含量高于国家标准以外,其余各处理各土层Cd含量均低于国家水平,施用鸡粪并没使土壤Cd得到污染;施鸡粪土壤中0-20 cm土层T5处理与T1处理和CK处理相比土壤Zn含量呈显著差异水平、20-40 cm和40-60 cm土层的各处理与CK处理相比土壤Zn含量差异不显著,所有处理均低于国家土壤环境质量标准值;Cu的含量0-20 cm土层各处理与对照比略有提高,差异不显著,20-40 m土层,40-60 cm土层Cu的含量变化不大,参照中国土壤环境质量标准值(GB 15618_1995),各土层均低于国家标准。3、随着施用鸡粪用量的增加,秋葵产量随着增加,但增施到8 t/666.7 m2时产量不再增加,施用鸡粪能促进秋葵的生长发育,各农艺性状表现较好,施用鸡粪6-10 t/666.7m2时秋葵产量极显著高于不施用鸡粪的处理;施用4-6 t/666.7 m2显著高于不施用鸡粪的产量;施用2 t/666.7 m2时和不施用鸡粪的产量差异不明显,因此,鸡粪施用量在一定的范围内时,对秋葵生长发育的促进作用优于常规化肥。4、施用鸡粪能明显提高秋葵产量、并改善营养品质,当鸡粪施用低于6 t/666.7 m2时对秋葵果实的可溶性蛋白含量、溶性糖含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a、b含量和含水率的影响不大,当超过6 t/666.7 m2时,秋葵硝酸盐含量极显著高于CK处理,综合禽粪便提高玉米产量和品质的因素来考虑,本研究认为,鸡粪施用量应控制在一定的范围内。综上所述,在本试验施鸡粪范围内,从秋葵的生长发育、产量、品质、土壤养分及土壤重金属污染等方面综合考虑,在湖北武汉棕壤土上种植秋葵的鸡粪最佳施用范围为4-6 t/666.7 m2,此时鸡粪农用的经济效益和环境效益达到最佳平衡。
[Abstract]:With the application of modern breeding technology, the main source of livestock and poultry manure has become China's rural non-point source pollution, become an important source of rivers, lakes, mainly due to serious pollution and eutrophication. Contains a lot of organic matter in poultry manure, nitrogen and other nutrients for crop growth and development, can improve soil fertility, improve the soil environment, increase crop yield and quality, but also an important part of the ecological agriculture mode. Soil is an important resource for human beings, is a necessary condition for crop growth, how to reasonable application of poultry manure in farmland soil, promote sustainable development is an important topic in the science and technology workers to explore. In this experiment, chicken manure as a starting point, with okra as the research materials, in accordance with the experimental design randomized block design, set the gradient manure treatment of different, specific treatments are: (1) CK (2): fertilizer; T1: 2 t/666.7m2 Chicken manure + chemical fertilizer; (3) T2: 4 t/666.7 M2 chicken manure + chemical fertilizer; (4) T3: 6 t/666.7 M2 chicken manure + chemical fertilizer; (5) T4: 8 t/666.7 M2 chicken manure + chemical fertilizer; (6) T5: 10 t/666.7 m2 in Hubei. Chicken manure + chemical fertilizer on the yield of Wuhan brown soil local okra, quality and soil nutrients, enzyme activity and heavy metal content were studied. The exploration of chicken manure on brown soil nitrogen, effects of nitrogen transformation enzyme, organic matter, heavy metal content and the effect of yield and quality of okra. The main results are as follows: 1, chicken manure application, along with the increase of the amount of chicken manure. The soil total nitrogen content also increased with the increase of more than 8 t/666.7 chicken manure m2 and CK treatment showed a very significant difference, the effect of manure within 60 days can effectively increase the total nitrogen content of soil, many chicken manure significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen content, increase soil nitrate content significantly. Improve soil protease and urease activity; soil organic matter content compared with CK showed significant differences in the level of pH decreased firstly and then increased, chemical fertilizer treatment pH was lowest, or larger, adding chicken manure also effectively increase the content of soil microbial biomass carbon content in.2,0-20 cm soil layer Cd, T5 (10 t/666.7 M2) Cd the highest content of CK, Cd was the lowest, chicken manure at 8 t/666.7 m2, 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil Cd content compared with CK treatment had no significant difference, Chinese reference values of soil environmental quality standard (GB 15618_1995), in addition to the 0-20 cm soil T5 Cd content is higher than the national standard, the rest the Cd content of the soil were lower than the national level, the effect of manure did not cause soil Cd pollution; chicken manure in the soil depth of 0-20 cm T5 treatment and T1 treatment and CK treatment compared with soil Zn content showed significant difference level, 20-40 cm and 40-60 Cm layer of each treatment compared with CK treatment was no significant difference in soil Zn, all treatments were lower than the national soil environmental quality standard value; the content of Cu 0-20 cm layer of each treatment and the control were slightly improved, the difference was not significant, 20-40 m soil layer, the content changes of 40-60 cm layer Cu is not large, according to China soil environmental quality the standard value (GB 15618_1995), the soil were lower than the national standard.3, with the increase of the amount of chicken manure, okra yield increased with increasing nitrogen, but no increase in yield to 8 t/666.7 m2, application of chicken manure can promote the growth and development of the performance of okra, better agronomic traits, chicken manure 6-10 t/666.7m2 okra yield significantly treatment not higher than chicken manure; application of 4-6 t/666.7 M2 was significantly higher than that of chicken manure production; the yield difference between 2 t/666.7 m2 and application of chicken manure is not obvious, therefore, the chicken manure fertilizer in a certain When the range of okra promoting growth effect is better than that of conventional fertilizer.4, chicken manure could significantly increase the yield of okra, and improve nutritional quality, when the organic manure application below 6 t/666.7 M2 soluble protein content of okra fruit, soluble sugar content, carotenoid content, chlorophyll a, B content and had little influence the moisture content, when more than 6 t/666.7 m2, the salt content of okra nitrate was significantly higher than that in CK treatment, comprehensive poultry manure to improve maize yield and quality factors to consider, this study suggests that manure application amount should be controlled in a certain range. To sum up, in the test of chicken manure within the scope of development, from okra the growth of yield, quality, comprehensive consideration of soil nutrient and soil heavy metal pollution, planting in Hubei Wuhan okra brown soil on chicken manure optimum application range is 4-6 t/666.7 m2, the agricultural economic benefits and chicken manure The best balance is achieved.

【学位授予单位】：天津农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S141;S649

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