设施农业雨水利用与营养液废液处理的试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 07:41

本文选题：设施农业　切入点：雨水利用　出处：《南华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在设施农业迅速发展的今天,如何解决设施农业的水资源问题显得十分迫切,雨水利用是解决设施农业水资源问题的重要途径之一。此外,设施农业中无土栽培的发展也带来了一些问题,比如直接排放的营养液废液会污染环境、影响生态平衡,因此排放前需经过适当净化处理。本论文结合示范基地实际情况,以期为设施农业雨水利用和营养液废液处理提供依据和技术支持。本论文首先研究了雨水径流水质随降雨历时的变化情况:通过对示范基地5场降雨监测分析表明,连栋温室室顶的雨水径流水质受前期晴天数、当地大气污染状况、降雨强度、降雨历时等因素影响,每场次降雨水质都略有不同。各水质指标随降雨历时的变化规律是:随降雨历时的延长,各水质指标呈减少趋势,后趋于平缓。连栋温室室顶雨水径流中电导率、p H、浊度、总氮、总磷、大肠菌群、铁和锌平均浓度分别为37.8μs/cm、5.8、10.5NTU、6.74mg/L、0.045mg/L、1160cfu/L、798.61μg/L和740.38μg/L,硼、铬、铜、镉和铅含量很低。本论文其次研究了雨水作为设施农业水源的处理试验:示范基地内连栋温室室顶收集、储存的雨水水质较好,各种污染物含量低,超滤法处理后出水完全能满足无土栽培水源要求;上海城区屋面雨水水质比示范基地的雨水水质差,不宜直接超滤处理,经砂滤预处理后,浊度和大肠杆菌得到明显去除,但大肠杆菌需进一步去除,经超滤处理后,大肠杆菌去除率达到99%以上,且处理后水中大肠杆菌在10cfu/L左右。本论文最后研究了营养液废液的处理试验:通过混凝-砂滤组合工艺、混凝-砂滤-超滤组合工艺和电絮凝-超滤组合工艺处理实验探索,混凝-砂滤组合工艺对营养液废液的浊度和大肠杆菌的去除效果较好,其去除率分别为90.59%和54.32%;混凝-砂滤-超滤组合工艺对营养液废液中污染物的的浊度和大肠杆菌的去除效果更好,对大肠杆菌的去除率可达99.99%以上,处理出水后的浊度平均为0.29NTU;电絮凝-超滤组合工艺处理营养液废液的效果最好,在电流密度为1.78m A/cm2、电解时间为30min的条件下,电絮凝-超滤组合工艺对大肠杆菌、总磷、总氮和TOC的去除率分别为99.88%、99.76%、47.59%和28.72%。雨水利用和营养液废液处理符合我国现代农业节能减排、建设两型社会的需求,具有较大的意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of facility agriculture today, how to solve the water resources problem of facility agriculture is very urgent. Rain Water is one of the important ways to solve the water resources problem of facility agriculture. The development of soilless cultivation in facility agriculture also brings some problems, such as the direct discharge of nutrient liquid waste liquid will pollute the environment and affect the ecological balance. In order to provide the basis and technical support for the utilization of facility agriculture Rain Water and the treatment of nutrient liquid waste liquid. Firstly, the paper studied the change of water quality with rainfall duration: through monitoring and analysis of 5 rainfall fields in the demonstration base, the paper studied the change of water quality with rainfall duration. The runoff water quality of Rain Water on the roof of multi-span greenhouse is affected by the number of sunny days, the local air pollution, the intensity of rainfall, the duration of rainfall and so on. The variation law of water quality index with rainfall duration is: with the extension of rainfall duration, the water quality index shows a decreasing trend, and then tends to be gentle. The average concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, coliform bacteria, iron and zinc were 37.8 渭 s / cm ~ (-1) 5.810. 5 NTU / L 0.045 mg / L / L ~ 1160 渭 g / L ~ 798.61 渭 g / L and 740.38 渭 g / L, respectively. Rain Water's stored water quality is good, and the content of various pollutants is low. The treated effluent by ultrafiltration method can completely meet the requirements of soilless cultivation water sources. The water quality of Shanghai urban roofing Rain Water is worse than that of Rain Water of the demonstration base, so it is not suitable for direct ultrafiltration treatment. After pretreatment with sand filtration, turbidity and Escherichia coli were obviously removed, but Escherichia coli needed to be further removed. After ultrafiltration, the removal rate of Escherichia coli reached more than 99%. And the Escherichia coli in the treated water is about 10cfu-L. In the last part of this paper, the treatment experiment of the waste liquid of the nutrient solution was studied: through the combination process of coagulation-sand filtration, coagulation-sand filter-ultrafiltration and electroflocculation-ultrafiltration, the treatment of the waste liquor was studied. The combined process of coagulation and sand filtration has a better effect on the removal of turbidity and Escherichia coli from the waste liquid of nutrient solution. The removal rates were 90.59% and 54.32, respectively. The combined process of coagulation-sand filtration and ultrafiltration had better turbidity and Escherichia coli removal efficiency, and the removal rate of Escherichia coli could reach more than 99.99%. The average turbidity of treated effluent was 0.29 NTU, and the combined process of electroflocculation and ultrafiltration had the best effect on the treatment of nutrient liquid waste liquor. Under the condition of current density of 1.78 Ma / cm ~ (2) and electrolysis time of 30 min, the combined process of electroflocculation and ultrafiltration was used to treat Escherichia coli and total phosphorus. The removal rates of total nitrogen and TOC are 99.88% and 28.72% respectively. The utilization of Rain Water and the treatment of nutrient liquid waste are in line with the needs of energy saving and emission reduction of modern agriculture in China, so it is of great significance to build a two-type society.
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X71;S273

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