生物炭及有机肥对苹果园土壤有机碳组分及果树生长的影响

发布时间：2018-03-21 22:03

本文选题：苹果园　切入点：生物炭　出处：《西北农业学报》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为研究生物炭与有机肥配施对渭北旱地苹果园土壤有机碳各组分及苹果树生长、产量的影响。试验设对照(CK)、单施生物炭(B)、单施有机肥(OF)和生物炭与有机肥配施(B+OF)4个处理。通过3a野外果园定位施肥试验,分层采集0~100cm土层的土样,研究不同处理下土壤有机碳组分的变化。结果表明:单施生物炭或生物炭与有机肥配施均可显著增加0~40cm土壤总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻质有机碳(LFOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)质量分数。在0~20cm表层土壤中,与CK相比,B、B+OF处理ROC质量分数分别增加35%和58%。B+OF、B及OF处理0~20cm土层中,土壤颗粒POC质量分数分别较CK增加0.44、0.24和0.138g·kg~(-1)。B+OF、B及OF处理耕层土壤TOC质量分数分别较CK提高60.1%、38%和6.5%。土壤pH由7.49(CK)增至7.89(B)和7.79(B+OF)。各处理的株高、茎粗和1a生枝条长度均显著高于CK,B+OF、B及OF处理的株高分别较CK提高26.4%、19.4%和15.7%,主干直径分别比CK增大49.5%、12.9%和5%。施肥处理均有利于苹果树成花,其中生物炭与有机肥配施处理的成花量最高。与CK相比,B+OF、OF和B处理的单株产量分别提高43.3%、33.6%和20.4%。生物炭和有机肥显著提高土壤有机碳各组分的质量分数,有助于苹果植株生长及产量提高,其中黄土高原地区苹果园生物炭与有机肥混施效果更好。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon components of apple orchard in Weibei dryland, the growth of apple trees was studied. Effects of different treatments on yield. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: CK, biochar, organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer, respectively. The soil samples of 0~100cm soil were collected by 3 years field orchard location fertilization experiment. The changes of soil organic carbon components under different treatments were studied. The results showed that the total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), light organic carbon (LFOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBCs) were significantly increased by applying biochar alone or combined with organic fertilizer. In the surface soil of 0~20cm, the mass fraction of oxidized organic carbon (ROC) and soluble organic carbon (SOC) were determined. Compared with CK, the ROC content increased by 35% and 58%, respectively, in the 0~20cm soil layer treated with OFB and of F, respectively. Compared with CK, the POC content of soil particles increased by 0.44g / 0.24, 0.138g / kg~(-1).B and 0.138g / kg respectively, and the TOC content of topsoil increased by 60.1% and 6.5g, respectively. The soil pH increased from 7.49g / kg to 7.89b) and 7.79g / kg / kg respectively. The plant height of stem diameter and annual shoot length were significantly higher than CK B OFFB and of treatment by 26.4U 19.4% and 15.7cm, respectively. The diameter of trunk was 49.5% and 12.9% larger than that of CK, respectively. Fertilization treatment was beneficial to apple flower formation. Compared with CK, the yield of single plant increased by 43.3% and 20.4%, respectively. Biochar and organic fertilizer significantly increased the mass fraction of soil organic carbon, compared with CK, the yield of each plant increased by 43.3% and 20.4% respectively, and the organic fertilizer and biochar significantly increased the mass fraction of soil organic carbon, and the organic fertilizer increased the yield of soil organic carbon by 33.6% and 20.4%, respectively. It is helpful to increase the growth and yield of apple, and the effect of mixed application of biochar and organic fertilizer in apple orchard in Loess Plateau is better.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学园艺学院;
【基金】：国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-28) 陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2015KJZDNY02-03-02)~~
【分类号】：S661.1;S153

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