3SFBQ-500型果园气爆松土注肥机的优化设计与试验

发布时间：2018-03-23 15:23

  本文选题：优化　切入点：设计　出处：《农业工程学报》2017年24期

【摘要】：针对目前果园开沟施肥存在的易伤树木根系、耕作能耗大、施肥不均等问题,该文研制了3SFBQ-500型果园气爆松土注肥机,采用液力辅助气铲激振的钻杆结构,建立液力辅助气铲钻土的力学模型及运动学方程,分析了钻杆的土力学关系,优化了钻头构型参数,优化后的钻头锥角60°、钻杆圆柱半径12.5 mm;设计了一种基于PLC控制的经济型多旋钮式开关操控系统,实现了机具手动、自动控制作业,一键操作可完成钻杆钻土、气爆松土、液肥注射、钻杆回升四步操作;在SolidWorks软件中建立了样机模型,并完成了样机的试制与田间试验工作。样机田间试验结果表明,气爆作用可在土体内部产生裂隙并扩散,300 mm钻深、0.8 MPa气爆压力下的土体最大裂隙宽约3~4 mm,裂隙扩展扰动半径约400 mm;土壤在气爆下发生扰动,扰动系数达50.11%;液肥在注肥机构作用下可在深土层中无堵塞喷射,并均匀扩散;样机操作简便,运行稳定,工作效率至少0.048 hm~2/h,满足果园施液肥农艺要求,适用于果树、园林、绿化地的施肥作业。
[Abstract]:In view of the current existing orchard ditching and fertilizing easily hurt the root of trees, tillage fertilization of large energy consumption inequality, this paper developed the 3SFBQ-500 type gas explosion injection machine fertilizer orchard soil, the drill pipe structure of hydraulic auxiliary gas shovel vibration, mechanics model and kinematics equation established hydraulic drilling auxiliary gas shovel, the analysis of soil mechanics the relationship between the drill bit and optimize the configuration parameters, the optimized bit cone angle is 60 degrees, the drill pipe cylinder radius 12.5 mm; design a economical PLC control based on multi knob type switch control system, realizes the equipment manual, automatic control operation, a key operation can be completed to drill soil, gas explosion soil, fertilizer injection, drill pipe picked up four steps; in the SolidWorks software prototype model, and completed the trial and field trial work of the prototype. The prototype test results show that the gas explosion can produce crack and spreading in soil Powder, 300 mm 0.8 MPa gas explosion drilling depth, soil pressure under the maximum crack width is about 3~4 mm, the crack propagation disturbance radius of about 400 mm; the soil in the gas explosion occurred under the disturbance, the disturbance coefficient was 50.11%; in the role of fertilizer fertilizer mechanism in deep soil layer without blocking injection, and uniform diffusion; prototype simple operation, stable operation, work efficiency of at least 0.048 hm~2/h, satisfy the agronomic requirements of liquid fertilizer, suitable for fruit trees, gardens, green land and fertilization.

【作者单位】： 扬州大学机械工程学院;扬州大学水利与能源动力工程学院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0700903) 江苏省农机三新工程项目(NJ2017-11)
【分类号】：S224.2
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本文编号：1654036