长期施用畜禽养殖废弃物下潮土重金属的累积特征

发布时间：2018-03-24 02:39

本文选题：土壤重金属　切入点：畜禽养殖废弃物　出处：《土壤》2017年02期

【摘要】：通过田间试验研究了畜禽养殖废弃物长期施用(2001—2013年)对重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As)在潮土中累积、形态转化及迁移行为的影响。试验设置畜禽养殖废弃物(猪粪,OM)和化肥氮磷钾(NPK)两个处理,每处理设置3个重复。结果显示,畜禽养殖废弃物的长期施用造成Cu、Zn在OM处理土壤中的含量明显高于NPK处理,并主要累积于耕层土壤(0~20 cm),但总体含量(Cu:38.71 mg/kg;Zn:83.26 mg/kg)较低,对农田生态安全的影响较小。形态分析结果显示,OM处理土壤中DTPA络合态、弱酸结合态和铁锰结合态Cu、Zn、As的含量均显著高于NPK处理,但不同形态Cr、Pb、Cd在两种处理土壤中的差异相对较小。其中,Cr主要以非提取态的形式存在(Cr95%)。外源性Cu易累积于非提取态(52%),而Zn则以弱酸溶解态(40%)和铁锰结合态(60%)为主。畜禽养殖废弃物的农田施用不仅是土壤重金属的重要来源,也是土壤重金属活性提高的重要原因,并造成部分重金属在剖面土壤中发生明显迁移行为,累积于更深层土壤中。
[Abstract]:The effects of long-term application of livestock and poultry culture wastes (2001 to 2013) on the accumulation, morphological transformation and migration behavior of heavy metal CrCU Cuznznznznzbcdcu in fluvo-soil were studied in this paper. Two treatments were set up for livestock and poultry culture waste (pig manure) and fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK). The results showed that the content of Cu + Zn in OM treated soil was significantly higher than that in NPK treatment, and was mainly accumulated in topsoil (20 cm ~ (-1)), but the total content of Cu: 38.71 mg 路kg ~ (-1) mg 路kg ~ (-1) Zn: Zn: 83.26 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) was lower. The results of speciation analysis showed that the contents of DTPA complex, weak acid bound and ferromanganese bound Cu ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) in soil treated with OM were significantly higher than those in NPK treatment. However, the difference of different forms of CrPbN CD in the two treatments is relatively small, among which Cr mainly exists in the form of non-extractable form. Exogenous Cu is easy to accumulate in the non-extractable form, while Zn is mainly in the form of weak acid solution (40%) and iron-manganese bound state (60g)). Farm application of livestock and poultry wastes is not only an important source of heavy metals in soil, It is also an important reason for the increase of soil heavy metal activity, and some heavy metals migrate in the profile soil and accumulate in deeper soil.
【作者单位】：土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所);中国科学院大学;安徽农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项课题项目(XDB15030302);中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-EW-STS-055-4) 国家自然科学基金面上项目(41471182) 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金项目(Y20160014)资助
【分类号】：X53;X713

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