堆渣边坡两种护坡措施的水土保持效益研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 17:09

本文选题：人工降雨　切入点：坡度　出处：《北京林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：露天矿山作为一种日益稀缺的矿产资源,其大面积的人为开采造成矿山原有地表形态遭受严重破坏,并较易引发滑坡、泥石流、崩塌等自然灾害的发生,已成为一类亟待解决的环境难题。矿山松散体堆积边坡具有土体不稳定、土壤孔隙度较大等特点,水土流失现象极易发生,威胁人类生命安全,限制社会经济发展。基于此,采用人工降雨模拟试验的方法,选取水平阶与生态棒两种边坡防护措施,覆土比例和厚度不变,分别选取15°、30°、45°的坡面坡度,在降雨强度为30mm/h、60mm/h、120mm/h条件下开展大量人工降雨实验,以期收集矿山松散体堆积边坡在不同防护措施以及不同坡度、降雨强度条件下地表层和矿渣层的产流量、产沙量,并建立综合贡献度模型,评价不同防护措施的减流、减沙效益,为露天矿山堆渣边坡生态恢复提供参考依据。研究结果表明：1.不同防护措施条件下的产流、产沙规律研究表明水平阶和生态棒2种边坡防护措施减流、减沙效果较好,可广泛应用于生产实践当中。水平阶护坡改变坡面物理特性,减流效果较突出；生态棒护坡可保护下层土壤结构,减沙效果较明显。2.不同坡度条件下的产流、产沙规律随着坡度的增大,水平阶防护措施地表层产流量增大,产沙量增加不明显。渣层产流量,产沙量均减小；生态棒防护措施地表层产流量增加明显,产沙量增幅较小。渣层产流量、产沙量均下降。2种措施渣层产沙量变化不明显。3.不同防护措施的减流、减沙效益分析不同护坡措施的减流、减沙效益表现各异。径流与泥沙的线性拟合关系表明在不同雨强条件下,水平阶具有较好的减流效益(Pri均=15.84%),而生态棒具有较好的减沙效益(Psi均=24.97%)。
[Abstract]:As a kind of increasingly scarce mineral resources, open-pit mines have caused serious damage to the original surface morphology of mines due to its large area of man-made mining, and are prone to cause natural disasters such as landslides, mudflows, collapses and other natural disasters. Mine loose bulk slope is characterized by unstable soil mass and large soil porosity. The phenomenon of soil erosion is easy to occur, which threatens the safety of human life and restricts the social and economic development. With the method of artificial rainfall simulation test, two kinds of slope protection measures, horizontal scale and ecological rod, were selected, the proportion and thickness of overlying soil were not changed, the slope gradient of 15 掳~ 30 掳~ 45 掳was selected, and a large number of artificial rainfall experiments were carried out under the condition of rainfall intensity of 30 mm / h 60 mm / h or 120 mm / h. In order to collect the yield, discharge and sediment yield of surface layer and slag layer under different protection measures, different slope degrees and rainfall intensity, the comprehensive contribution model is established to evaluate the flow reduction of different protective measures. The benefit of sediment reduction provides a reference for ecological restoration of slagging slope in open-pit mines. The research results show that the runoff production and sediment yield law under different protection measures show that the horizontal slope protection measures and the ecological bar slope protection measures reduce the flow. The effect of sediment reduction is better and can be widely used in production practice. Horizontal slope protection can change the physical characteristics of slope surface, and the effect of flow reduction is more prominent. Ecological bar slope protection can protect the soil structure of the lower layer, and the effect of sediment reduction is obvious. 2. With the increase of slope, the sediment yield of horizontal protective measures increases, but the sediment yield does not increase obviously. The sediment yield and sediment yield decrease with the increase of slope, and the surface layer yield and discharge increase obviously with ecological protection measures, the sediment yield and sediment yield decrease with the increase of slope, and the sediment yield and sediment yield decrease with the increase of slope gradient. The increase of sediment yield is relatively small. The sediment yield and sediment yield of the slag-bed are all decreased by .2 measures. 3. The flow reduction of different protection measures is analyzed, and the flow reduction of different slope protection measures is analyzed. The linear fitting relationship between runoff and sediment shows that under different rainfall intensity, the horizontal step has better flow reduction benefit (Pri) and the ecological bar has better sediment reduction benefit (PSI).
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157

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