茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂的交配与寄主搜索行为研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 09:39

本文选题：茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂　切入点：交配行为　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过解剖、饲养及持续记录等方法,探讨了茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂的交配行为和寄主搜索行为。关于交配行为,观察了茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂日交配节律和交配过程,测定了雌雄蜂交配能力;关于寄主搜索行为,观察了茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂搜寻和处理寄主的过程,用Y型嗅觉仪测定了茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂对寄主及寄主植物不同处理的嗅觉反应,研究了学习经历对茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂搜索寄主的效率和行为的影响。结果表明:1.在连续观察的24h内,每个时间段都有茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂交配行为和雄蜂兴奋行为,且交配行为主要发生在白天。交配具有明显的节律性。交配高峰出现在上午09:00—11:00,下午13:00—14:00出现1个小高峰,20:00—06:00为相对平静期。2.雌雄蜂交配时具有明显的选择性。羽化的成蜂当日即可交配,雌雄蜂1日龄交配率分别为43.3%和73.3%;3日龄雄蜂不再交配且开始死亡,雌蜂2日龄开始死亡,4日龄后不再交配。单头雌蜂最高交配次数为4,雄蜂为6,雌雄蜂平均交配次数分别为0.83和1.77,雌雄蜂平均寿命分别为2.30d和3.23d。表明雄蜂总体交配能力要高于雌蜂。3.交配过程分为3个阶段,分别为交配前行为、交配行为和交配后行为,群体交配时极易出现争夺交配的现象。4.茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂处理寄主比搜索寄主需要更多的时间,绝大多数的雌蜂(85.5%)在10min内找到寄主幼虫,半数以上的雌蜂在10min内将寄主处理完毕,极少数雌蜂搜索或处理寄主时间较长,超过20min。5.茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂对金纹细蛾为害叶、机械损伤叶、金纹细蛾幼虫都表现出较强的趋性,对健康苹果叶片的趋向程度不如前三者,在金纹细蛾为害叶和健康叶之间,茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂显著地趋向于金纹细蛾为害叶。虫粪和为害去虫叶不能显著诱导茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂。6.让测试蜂预先接触金纹细蛾为害叶,获得经历,可大大减少第一次搜索寄主花费的时间,可以显著提高对金纹细蛾的搜索效率。有学习经历的雌蜂,第一次搜索到寄主位置的时间为93.2s,无学习经历(对照组)的雌蜂被第一次搜索到寄主位置的时间为301.8s。
[Abstract]:The mating behavior and host search behavior were studied by dissection, feeding and continuous recording. The mating rhythm and mating process were observed. The mating ability of female and male wasps was determined, and the process of searching and processing hosts was observed, and the olfactory responses to different treatments of host and host plants were measured by Y-type olfactometer. The effects of learning experience on the efficiency and behavior of searching for hosts were studied. The results showed that the mating behavior and the male excitatory behavior were observed in every time period for 24 hours after continuous observation. Mating behavior mainly occurs during the day. Mating has obvious rhythmicity. The mating peak appears at 09: 00-11: 00 in the morning and a small peak at 13: 00-14: 00 in the afternoon. The relative calm period is 20: 00-06: 00. Females and males have obvious selectivity in mating. Adult bees can mate on the same day, The mating rates of female and male wasps at 1 day old were 43.3% and 73.3%, respectively. The maximum mating frequency of female wasp was 4, 6 of male and female were 0.83 and 1.77, respectively. The average life span of female and male wasp were 2.30 days and 3.23 days, respectively. The ability of mating was higher than that of female wasps. The mating process was divided into three stages. They are premating behavior, mating behavior and post-mating behavior respectively. Population mating is easy to appear the phenomenon of competing for mating. 4. It takes more time to deal with the host than to search for the host. Most female wasps (85.5) found host larvae in 10min, more than half of female wasps treated their hosts in 10min, a few females searched or processed the host for a long time, more than 20 min. 5. The damaged leaves and larva of the moth showed a strong tendency, and the tendency to the leaves of the healthy apple was not as good as that of the first three, between the damaged leaves and the healthy leaves of the moths. The insect feces and the pest leaves could not significantly induce the parasitoid wasp. 6. The test bee was exposed to the golden moths to damage the leaves in advance, and the experience was obtained, and the results were as follows: (1) the results of the experiment were as follows: (1) the test wasps had a significant tendency to damage the leaves of the chrysophora japonicus. Can greatly reduce the time spent on the first search for the host, can significantly improve the search efficiency of the moths. The time of first searching to host position was 93.2 s, and that of female wasp without learning experience (control group) was 301.8 s.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S476.3

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