碳氮比和通气量对牛粪与烟梗混合堆肥过程的影响

发布时间：2018-03-28 09:46

  本文选题：堆肥　切入点：牛粪　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业废弃物如牛粪、烟梗的综合利用是目前生物工程和有机肥开发的主要方向之一。大量研究表明,关于牛粪和烟梗堆肥的研究均集中于单一物料,而混合堆肥的研究报道较少。因此,本研究以牛粪和烟梗为原料,首先通过不同碳氮比试验筛选出牛粪与烟梗混合堆肥的适宜碳氮比,然后在最适宜的碳氮比条件下进行不同通气量堆肥试验,筛选出牛粪与烟梗混合堆肥的适宜通气量,以期为牛粪与烟梗的无害化、资源化利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。主要研究结果如下:1.不同碳氮比对堆肥高温(≥50℃)持续时间、电导率、种子发芽指数及营养成分等指标均有影响。当碳氮比为22:1(T22)时,高温持续时间为16 d,堆肥结束后电导率为886μs·cm-1,种子发芽指数为121.3%,全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别为3.86%、0.65%和1.83%,较初始含量分别增加了53.2%、35.4%和16.6%;碳氮比为19:1(T19)时,高温持续时间为12 d,堆肥结束后电导率为953μs·cm-1,种子发芽指数为118.5%,全氮和全钾含量分别为4.19%和1.00%,较初始含量分别增加了60.0%和29.9%;碳氮比为25:1(T25)时,高温持续时间为8 d,堆肥结束后电导率为972μs·cm-1,种子发芽指数为78.9%,全氮和全钾含量分别为3.02%和2.42%,较初始含量分别增加了15.3%和30.8%。综合分析,T22处理高温持续时间最长,堆肥结束后电导率最低,种子发芽指数最高,养分指标含量均有所增加,牛粪与烟梗混合堆肥效果最理想。2.不同通气量条件下,堆肥高温持续时间、电导率、种子发芽指数及营养成分等指标均有差异。与对照(W0)相比,通气12 h处理(W12)高温持续时间延长了5 d,堆肥结束后电导率降低了9.59%,种子发芽指数增加了54.88%,全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别增加了10.60%、47.73%和10.91%;通气6 h处理(W6)高温持续时间与对照相同,堆肥结束后电导率降低了6.33%,种子发芽指数增加了47.70%,全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别增加了8.02%、25.00%和10.91%。其中W12处理高温延长时间最长,电导率降低比例最大,全氮和全磷含量增加比例较高,最有利于堆肥腐熟度的提高和养分含量的释放。本研究通过堆肥试验获得了牛粪与烟梗混合堆肥的两个重要参数,即最适宜碳氮比为22:1、通气量为通气12 h,在该参数控制下,能有效地提高牛粪与烟梗混合堆肥效果和产品品质。
[Abstract]:The comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste such as cow dung and tobacco stalk is one of the main directions of bioengineering and organic fertilizer development. A large number of studies show that the research on cow manure and tobacco stalk compost is concentrated on a single material. However, there were few reports on mixed composting. Therefore, the suitable C / N ratio of mixed compost was obtained by different C / N ratio tests. Then under the most suitable conditions of carbon and nitrogen ratio, the composting test with different aeration rate was carried out, and the suitable aeration rate of mixed compost of cow dung and tobacco stalk was screened out, in order to make the composting of cow dung and tobacco stem harmless. The main results are as follows: 1. Different C / N ratios affect the duration of compost temperature (鈮，

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