艾比湖湿地边缘带不同景观类型下土壤表层盐分特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 13:10

本文选题：湿地边缘带　切入点：土壤盐分　出处：《新疆师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：艾比湖地区是新疆重要的生态湿地,该地区丰富的物种资源以及独特的地理位置,形成当地宝贵的自然资源财富。但是由于长期以来人为干扰严重,艾比湖湖水面积正在严重萎缩,一系列的生态问题使其成为倍受关注的生态脆弱区域,对该地区持续的生态监测及生态恢复成为必不可少的工作。土壤作为一个重要的生态要素,其物理及化学性质对于反映某一区域一定时间尺度内的生态变化有指示的意义。干旱区高度盐渍化的土地,土壤盐分特征变化是衡量土壤质量一个重要的指标。本文以艾比湖湿地边缘带为研究区,分析了景观格局分布特征,重点研究了不同景观类型下土壤表层盐分,并且分区域对研究区空间分布状况进行对比。得出以下几个结论。1、盐碱地景观是研究区内最有优势的景观类型,但是由于其本身不是植被覆盖类的景观类型,所以盐碱地景观的优势发展并没有给研究区的生态环境带来益处,反而是研究区生态功能下降的表现。2、研究区最主要的阴离子是Cl-,最主要的阳离子是Na+/K+,盐渍化的类型为氯化物型,大部分区域是盐土。该地区土壤盐渍化严重,对土壤的质地产生了较大的影响。3、对研究区盐分含量的高低主要影响因素有三个。分别是:1)景观类型,研究表明不同景观类型盐分含量的状况是:盐碱地景观湿地景观森林景观裸地景观草地景观农田景观。2)分布位置,经过对比发现艾比湖的东部区域盐分含量高于南部区域高于北部区域。3)与艾比湖水体距离,通过样点的趋势分析发现,距艾比湖水体的距离越近土壤盐分含量越高,反之则越小,这说明与艾比湖湖区的距离也是土壤盐分含量高低的一个重要原因。
[Abstract]:The Ebinur Lake region is an important ecological wetland in Xinjiang. The rich species resources and unique geographical location in this region form the valuable natural resources wealth of the region. However, due to the serious man-made disturbance for a long time, The water area of Ebinur Lake is shrinking seriously, and a series of ecological problems make it a fragile ecological region of great concern. Continuous ecological monitoring and ecological restoration in the region are essential. Soil as an important ecological factor, Its physical and chemical properties are indicative of ecological changes in a given region on a certain time scale. Highly salinized land in arid areas, The variation of soil salinity is an important index to measure soil quality. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of landscape pattern are analyzed in the Ebinur Lake Wetland marginal zone, with emphasis on the soil surface salinity under different landscape types. The following conclusions are drawn: saline-alkali landscape is the most advantageous landscape type in the study area, but it is not the landscape type of vegetation cover. Therefore, the dominant development of saline-alkali landscape does not benefit the ecological environment of the study area, but instead shows the decline of ecological function in the study area. The main anions in the study area are Cl-and the most important cationic is Na / K. The type of salinization is chloride type, and most of the area is saline soil. The salinization of soil in this area is serious and has a great influence on soil texture. There are three main factors affecting the salt content in the study area. The results show that the salt content of different landscape types is: saline and alkali landscape wetland landscape forest landscape bare land landscape grassland landscape farmland landscape. It was found that the salt content in the eastern region of Ebinur Lake was higher than that in the northern region of Ebinur Lake, and the distance between Ebinur Lake and Ebinur Lake water body was higher than that in the southern region. On the contrary, the smaller the soil salt content is, the more the distance between the lake area and the Ebinur Lake area is.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153

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