有机无机肥配施提升冷浸田土壤氮转化相关微生物丰度和水稻产量

发布时间：2018-04-01 03:19

本文选题：堆肥　切入点：冷浸田　出处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年05期

【摘要】：【目的】以南方典型冷浸田为对象,研究化肥配施不同有机肥对冷浸田水稻产量以及土壤氮相关功能微生物群落丰度的影响,旨在为冷浸田土壤氮素活化和转化过程的定向调控,氮素利用效率提高及水稻高产施肥提供科学依据。【方法】通过连续3年6季的定位试验,采用土壤理化分析、酶学分析和荧光实时定量PCR技术深入探讨化肥配施不同堆肥原料有机肥对冷浸田养分活化、水稻产量提升及土壤氮相关功能微生物群落丰度的效应。本试验设4个处理,分别为单施化肥(CK)、化肥配施猪粪(PIM)、化肥配施牛粪(CAM)、化肥配施鸡粪(CHM)。【结果】CHM、CAM处理水稻产量显著高于化肥处理(P0.05),较CK平均增产10.23%、7.62%。连续施用CHM、CAM显著提高了土壤p H,增加了土壤有机碳、全氮和铵态氮含量。三种堆肥原料的有机无机配施均能够提高土壤氮素循环相关功能微生物基因丰度,其中细菌、古细菌总群落16s r DNA丰度和氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)的氨单加氧酶(amo A)基因丰度提高趋势一致,以CHM处理最高,但细菌总群落16s r DNA丰度增幅较小。亚硝酸盐还原酶(nir K、nir S)基因和一氧化二氮还原酶(nos Z)基因丰度对不同处理的响应并不一致。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳和全氮含量是影响AOA、AOB、nir K、nir S型反硝化细菌的重要因子。【结论】化肥配施鸡粪有机肥能显著提高冷浸田土壤铵态氮、速效磷含量,增加细菌、古菌、AOA和AOB氨单加氧酶(amo A)的基因丰度,增强土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶的活性,提升冷浸田土壤生产力。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effects of different organic fertilizers on the yield of rice and the abundance of soil nitrogen-related functional microbial communities in a typical cold soaking field in southern China.The aim of this study was to provide scientific basis for the directional regulation of soil nitrogen activation and transformation, the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency and the fertilization of high yield rice in cold soaking field. [methods] soil physicochemical analysis was carried out through three consecutive years and six seasons.Enzymatic analysis and fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR (PCR) technique were used to study the effects of different compost organic fertilizers on nutrient activation, rice yield enhancement and soil nitrogen related microbial community abundance in cold soaking fields.In this experiment, four treatments were set up, which were single chemical fertilizer application, pig manure PIMM, cattle manure, and chicken manure. [results] the rice yield of CHM / CAM treatment was significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatment (P 0.05), and the average increase of rice yield was 10.23% and 7.62% compared with CK.Continuous application of CHM / CAM significantly increased soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and ammonium content.The organic and inorganic application of the three composting materials could improve the gene abundance of microorganism related to nitrogen cycling in soil.The increasing trend of amo A) gene abundance in the total actinomycetes community (16s r DNA) and the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOAA) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOAA) was the same. The CHM treatment was the highest, but the total 16s DNA abundance of the bacterial community increased slightly.The abundance of nitrite reductase (nir) gene and nitrous oxide reductase (nitrous oxide reductase) gene (Nir) and nitrous oxide reductase (nitrite reductase) (NIR) gene were different in response to different treatments.The correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content were the important factors affecting the denitrifying bacteria of AOAA AOBNir Knir S type. [conclusion] the application of chemical fertilizer and chicken manure organic fertilizer can significantly increase the content of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and bacteria in cold soaking field.The gene abundance of AOA and AOB amo A increased the activities of soil urease, protease and phosphatase, and enhanced the soil productivity in cold soaking field.
【作者单位】：广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003059-04) 广东省农业科学院院长基金项目(201416) 广东省现代农业产业体系建设项目“水稻产业体系”(粤财教[2009]356号) 广州市农业科技攻关项目(GZCQC0902FG06017) 广东省协同创新与平台建设专项资金项目(2015A020224010)资助
【分类号】：S511;S154.3

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