小麦冻害后恢复肥对产量形成的调节效应

发布时间：2018-04-02 13:31

  本文选题：小麦　切入点：低温　出处：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：小麦不同生育期阶段性低温胁迫经常性发生并不同程度地影响小麦的生长发育和产量形成。试验于2012-2014年在扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室试验场和人工智能温室进行,以春性品种扬麦16为供试品种,探讨分蘖期和拔节期受低温胁迫发生冻害的减灾调控技术途径,阐明施恢复肥对受冻后小麦产量和生理特性的调节效应,以期为小麦抗低温逆境稳产栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验主要结果如下：1.分蘖期和拔节期低温胁迫后扬麦16产量随着胁迫时间的延长而下降。分蘖期受冻后施恢复肥主要是增加穗数挽回产量,拔节期施肥处理主要促进每穗粒数增加,其次是穗数增加,产量挽回。同一处理时段内,产量恢复效应和产量挽回效应随恢复肥施用量增加而提高。兼顾产量挽回效应和氮素产量生产效率,提出分蘖期受冻指数为0.2左右的轻度冻害推荐施尿素75kg/hm2,受冻指数0.36左右的中度冻害推荐施尿素120kg/hm2,受冻指数0.5左右的重度冻害推荐施尿素180kg/hm2。拔节期受冻指数0.35左右的轻度冻害推荐施尿素105kg/hm2,受冻指数0.5左右的中度冻害施尿素150kg/hm2,受冻指数0.66左右的重度冻害推荐施尿素225kg/hm2。2.小麦分蘖期和拔节期遭遇低温胁迫发生冻害的程度随低温胁迫时间延长,植株受冻指数加重,株高下降。分蘖期冻害后施恢复肥主要促进基部Ⅰ、Ⅱ节间伸长,拔节期冻害后施恢复肥主要促进Ⅳ、Ⅴ节间伸长,对穗长和株高亦有恢复作用。3.分蘖期和拔节期低温胁迫后,随胁迫时间延长,受冻植株不施恢复肥处理SOD、 CAT酶活性和MDA含量逐渐上升。施恢复肥后10d,抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量随施肥量增加而下降；施肥后20d,进一步下降；30d后下降到接近自然对照。4.分蘖期和拔节期随胁迫时间延长,受冻植株不施恢复肥处理可溶性糖含量和游离脯氨酸含量逐渐增加。施肥处理均比不施肥处理下降。低温胁迫施肥后10d、20d、30d,施肥处理可溶性糖含量和游离脯氨酸含量逐渐下降到接近自然对照。5.随分蘖期和拔节期低温胁迫时间延长,受冻植株不施恢复肥处理ABA含量和ZR含量逐渐升高。同一处理时段内,随着恢复肥施用量增加,ABA含量和ZR含量逐渐下降。施肥后10d,各处理ABA含量和ZR含量呈下降趋势,至30d,各施肥处理接近自然对照。GA3变化趋势与ABA和ZR相反。6.分蘖期和拔节期低温胁迫后,受冻植株施恢复肥处理氮、磷、钾、钙、钼元素吸收量均高于不施肥处理,同一处理时段内,随着施肥量增加,元素吸收量增加。分蘖期低温胁迫施肥后,以施肥后10d至拔节期植株氮素积累量最高,开花至成熟期次之。拔节期低温胁迫施肥后,开花至成熟期氮素积累量最高,拔节至开花期次之。7.综合两年度气象数据,阴雨天气温和冠温变化趋势平缓,冠温与百叶箱观测的气温差值为0.1-0.2℃；晴天气温和冠温日变幅较大,冠气温度差值大,最低气温低,小麦容易发生冻害。小麦越冬期间,夜间至早晨7：00的冠层温度低于大气温度,当日最冷时冠温比气温低1.0-1.8℃。小麦拔节期冠层最低温出现在凌晨6：00左右,冠层温度较大气温度平均低4℃左右。小麦孕穗期和开花期冠层最低温度出现在凌晨5：00左右,较低的冠温可对幼穗产生伤害,小麦开花期推迟。
[Abstract]:The results were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The results of the experiment were as follows : 1 . The yield recovery effect and the yield recovery effect increased with the increase of the amount of recovery fertilizer . The results showed that the yield recovery effect and the yield recovery effect increased with the increase of the amount of recovery fertilizer . The results showed that the yield recovery effect and the yield recovery effect increased with the increase of the recovery fertilizer .
20 days after fertilization , further lowering ;
The contents of nitrogen , phosphorus , potassium , calcium and molybdenum in frozen plants decreased gradually after fertilization .
During the winter of winter , the canopy temperature was lower than the atmospheric temperature , and the temperature of canopy was lower than the atmospheric temperature at 7 : 00 a.m . The lowest temperature of canopy was about 6 : 00 a.m . and the temperature of canopy was about 4 鈩，

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