纳米针铁矿和高岭土的吸附性能及其对氨基酸叶面肥的增效作用

发布时间：2018-04-02 17:07

本文选题：纳米针铁矿　切入点：高岭土　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近百年来的研究已经结论性的证实了植物地上部器官(茎、叶和果等)的外表面结构(包括角质层、气孔、皮毛和皮孔等)能够吸收叶面喷施的养分元素,促进植物细胞对养分元素的吸收和利用以及养分在植物体内的转运,然而由于不同植物外表面结构差异较大,为了提高叶面营养效率深入研究叶面肥的组成仍然十分必要。纳米颗粒拥有巨大的比表面积和独特的性质,作为助剂应用在叶面肥上具有巨大潜力。本文研究了纳米针铁矿和高岭土对磷酸根、尿素、葡萄糖和丙氛酸的吸附作用及结合特征,并通过盆栽试验研究了添加纳米针铁矿和高岭土对氨基酸叶面肥的促效作用。纳米针铁矿和高岭土对磷酸根离子、尿素和葡萄糖的吸附试验结果表明,两种矿物对磷酸根离子的吸附可以用Langmuir方程拟合,纳米针铁矿对磷的最大吸附量qmax约是高岭土的7倍;两种矿物对尿素和葡萄糖的吸附可用Freundlich方程拟合,说明吸附是异质性表面的多层吸附,纳米针铁矿对尿素的吸附量约为高岭土的4倍;纳米针铁矿对葡萄糖的吸附量约为高岭土的3倍。纳米针铁矿对尿素的二维傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析结果表明:尿素分子通过与针铁矿表面羟基和氧原子形成氢键而被吸附。在吸附过程中,针铁矿表面起作用的官能团是Fe-O、Fe-OH,尿素起作用的官能团是NH2和C=O。Fe-O中的氧原子可能与NH2形成氢键,Fe-OH中羟基可能与C=O形成氢键。根据Nada的理论可得到键和顺序:(3380=3350)(3340=3440)2970cm-1,表明键合顺序是Fe-O与NH2先形成氢键,然后尿素分子间形成分子间作用力,最后Fe-OH中羟基与C=O形成氢键。被纳米针铁矿吸附的尿素分子可以通过分子间作用力而吸附其他尿素分子,表明纳米针铁矿对尿素的吸附是多层吸附和Freundlich方程对数据拟合的准确性。作为对本研究的一个验证,纳米针铁矿对丙氨酸的二维FTIR分析结果表明,丙氛酸的NH2和C=O官能团可分别与纳米针铁矿表面的氧原子和羟基形成氢键,键合顺序也是Fe-O与NH2先形成氢键,然后Fe-OH中羟基与C=O形成氢键。但没有证据表明丙氨酸分子之间存在作用力。在种子萌发试验中对番茄种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的测定表明,加入氨基酸叶面肥的处理与加水的对照相比,前者能够显著提高种子的发芽势和发芽指数,但对种子的发芽率没有影响。纳米针铁矿和高岭土添加与否对番茄种子萌发率没有影响。在盆栽试验中,对番茄植株株高、茎粗、地上部重量和地下部重量等生理指标测定结果表明,与清水对照相比,不管是否添加纳米针铁矿或高岭土,氨基酸复合叶面肥的各生理指标显著增加。纳米针铁矿或高岭土对氨基酸叶面肥的增效作用与添加量有关,与未添加矿物的氨基酸叶面肥处理相比,添加1g/L(0.1%w/v)纳米针铁矿或高岭土的氨基酸叶面肥处理均能显著促进番茄生长,但纳米针铁矿或高岭土添加量为0.1g/L(0.01%w/v)和0.5g/L(0.05%w/v)的处理与未添加矿物的氛基酸叶面肥处理相比差异不显著。纳米针铁矿和高岭土作为助剂应用在氨基酸叶面肥上可以提高其喷施效果,提高肥效。
[Abstract]:Research over the past hundred years has confirmed the conclusion of the upper part of plant organ (stem, leaf and fruit etc.) on the outer surface of the structure (including the cuticle, stomata, lenticels and fur etc.) can absorb nutrient spraying, promote the absorption and utilization of plant cells to nutrient and nutrient transport in plants however, due to the difference of plant surface structure is larger, in order to improve the efficiency of foliar nutrient composition of foliar fertilizer research is still very necessary. Nanoparticles have large surface area and unique properties as additives have great potential in application of foliar fertilizer. Nanosized goethite and Kaolinite on phosphate, urea and, combined with the characteristics of adsorption of glucose and C atmosphere acid, and studied the effect of promoting effect of adding nano goethite and Kaolinite on amino acid foliar fertilizer by pot experiment. The nano goethite and Kaolin of phosphate ion, adsorption of urea and glucose test results showed that the adsorption of phosphate ions, two kinds of minerals can be simulated by Langmuir equation, nano goethite on phosphorus adsorption maximum Qmax is about 7 times of kaolin; two minerals of urea and glucose absorption can be simulated with Freundlich equation, indicating that the adsorption is multilayer adsorption surface heterogeneity, nano goethite adsorption of urea was about 4 times of kaolin; nano goethite adsorption on glucose was about 3 times of kaolin. The two-dimensional Fourier nano goethite on urea transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis results show that with goethite surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen atoms the formation of hydrogen bonds and adsorbed by urea molecules. In the adsorption process, functional goethite surface effect is Fe-O, Fe-OH, functional role of urea NH2 and oxygen atoms in C=O.Fe-O and N H2 Fe-OH in the formation of hydrogen bonds, hydroxyl group could form hydrogen bond with C=O. According to the theory of Nada can be obtained and the key sequence: (3380=3350) (3340=3440) 2970cm-1, shows that the bond order is Fe-O and NH2 to form hydrogen bonds formed between urea molecules and intermolecular forces, finally Fe-OH hydroxyl hydrogen bonding with C=O urea molecules. Nano goethite adsorbed by intermolecular forces and other adsorption showed that the adsorption of urea urea molecules, nano goethite is the accuracy of multilayer adsorption and Freundlich equation for fitting data. As a validation of this study, nano goethite to alanine two-dimensional FTIR analysis results showed that the acrylic acid NH2 and atmosphere C=O groups respectively form hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms and hydroxyl surface nano goethite, the bond order is Fe-O and NH2 to form hydrogen bonds, then Fe-OH hydroxyl hydrogen bonding with C=O but no evidence. There is an interaction force between molecules. In the Ming alanine seed germination test on tomato seed germination rate, germination potential and germination index showed that the added amino acids foliar fertilizer compared with water control, the former can significantly increase the germination potential and germination index, but the effect on the seed germination rate of nano goethite and not. Kaolin and not on tomato seed germination rate had no effect. In pot experiment, the plant height, stem diameter, shoot weight determination results and root weight and other physiological indexes showed that water and compared to the control, regardless of whether the addition of nano goethite or kaolin, the physiological indexes of amino acid compound fertilizer significantly increased. Synergistic effects of nanophase goethite or kaolin on amino acid foliar fertilizer amount related, compared with amino acid foliar fertilizer treatment did not add minerals, add 1g /L (0.1%w/v) Amino acid foliar fertilizer with nano goethite or kaolin could significantly promote the growth of tomato, but nano goethite or kaolin was added to 0.1g/L (0.01%w/v) and 0.5g/L (0.05%w/v) treated with amino acid leaf fertilizer without adding minerals. There was no significant difference compared with nano goethite and kaolinite as additives used in amino acid foliar fertilizer can improve the spraying effect, improve efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O647.3;S14

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