高氨氮低碳氮比养猪废水微氧处理系统的调控运行与效能

发布时间：2018-04-03 23:05

  本文选题：养猪废水　切入点：微氧系统　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：干清粪养猪废水具有高氨氮、低碳氮比(C/N比)的特征,采用常规的生物脱氮工艺对其进行处理,效率低、成本高。基于微氧条件下好氧和厌氧微生物共存的技术思想,在前期研究中开发出了用于处理干清粪养猪废水的升流式微氧污泥床反应器(UMSR)和升流式微氧生物膜反应器(UMBR),实现了以短程硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化为主的高效脱氮。为进一步提高微氧生物处理系统的效能,降低处理成本,本文从进水C/N比的调控、降低处理温度和出水回流比,以及适当排泥等方面研究了保证UMSR高效稳定运行的调控方法,并探讨了HRT改变对UMBR处理效能的影响,为高氨氮低碳氮比养猪废水微氧处理技术的工程应用提供指导和设计与运行控制参数。养猪废水水质随季节、生产周期变化波动较大,COD/TN比在1.0~3.5之间变化。欲使UMSR获得较为理想的脱氮效能,需要将进水的COD/TN比控制在1.0以下。为此,本研究在微氧生物处理系统之前,增设了序批式式活性污泥反应器(SBR),通过污泥去除负荷的控制,可对干清粪养猪废水的C/N比进行有效调节。对于COD为300~600 mg/L、COD/TN比为1.5~2.0的养猪废水,适宜的污泥去除负荷为1.4~1.6 kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d);对于COD为700~1000 mg/L、COD/TN比为2.5~3.5的养猪废水,SBR的污泥去除负荷应控制在2.0~2.3kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d)。工程应用中,可根据干清粪养猪废水初始水质、SBR系统内生物量、活性等数据,确定合理的预处理调控方案。降低温度的调控运行结果表明,水温的降低会影响UMSR的脱氮效能,但并不会显著改变系统的脱氮机制。在HRT 8 h、出水回流比45:1、温度不低于17℃的条件下,UMSR的出水COD、NH_4~+-N和TN浓度均能满足《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)。适量排泥可强化UMSR系统的传质效能,降低水温降低对UMSR系统处理效能的影响程度,但污泥上浮现象仍然存在,系统的脱氮效能难以保证。降低出水回流比,同时提高系统运行温度,有利于脱氮功能菌群的富集生长、改善甚至避免污泥上浮和流失,使UMSR系统恢复良好的脱氮性能。UMBR的HRT调控运行结果表明,在温度25℃、出水回流比25:1、HRT不低于8 h的条件下,UMBR对NH_4~+-N和TN去除率均可保持在83%以上,出水污染物浓度可满足GB18596-2001的要求。填料的布设,使UMBR有了较高的生物量持有能力,但脱氮性能不够理想,其运行控制条件有待进一步优化。
[Abstract]:Dry clear manure wastewater has the characteristics of high ammonia nitrogen, low C / N ratio and low C / N ratio. It is treated by conventional biological nitrogen removal process with low efficiency and high cost.Based on the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic microbes under microaerobic conditions,UMSRs and UMBRN were developed for treatment of dry manure and pig wastewater in the early stage, and high efficiency denitrification was realized mainly by short-cut nitrification and denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation. The UMSRs and UMSRs were used in the treatment of pig wastewater from dry and clean faeces, and UMSRs and UMSRs were developed in UMSRs and UMBRN biofilm reactors.In order to further improve the efficiency of the micro-oxygen biological treatment system and reduce the treatment cost, this paper studies the control methods to ensure the efficient and stable operation of UMSR from the aspects of the control of influent C / N ratio, the reduction of treatment temperature and effluent reflux ratio, and the proper discharge of sludge.The effect of HRT change on the treatment efficiency of UMBR was discussed, which provided guidance, design and operation control parameters for the engineering application of micro-oxygen treatment technology for pig wastewater with high ammonia-nitrogen and low carbon-nitrogen ratio.The water quality of pig wastewater fluctuates greatly with the seasons, and the ratio of COD / TN varies between 1.0 and 3.5.In order to obtain ideal denitrification efficiency of UMSR, the influent COD/TN ratio should be controlled below 1.0.For this reason, before the micro-oxygen biological treatment system, the sequencing batch activated sludge reactor (SBRN) was added. By controlling the sludge removal load, the C / N ratio of dry clear manure pig wastewater could be adjusted effectively.瀵逛簬COD涓，

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