不同耕作方式对旱作农田土壤有机碳及相关指标的影响

发布时间：2018-04-04 19:56

本文选题：旱作农田　切入点：耕作方式　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在内蒙古干旱少雨,肥力水平低下的砂质栗钙土区域,采用少耕为主的耕作方式,可以起到保水、保肥和减少碳排放的作用。本文以内蒙古阴山北麓武川县为研究区域,种植当地特色粮食作物——燕麦(2013)、油菜(2014、,以传统耕作(CT)为对照,研究了浅松(QS)、浅旋(QX)、深松(SS)和裸地深松(LSS)4种耕作方式,对旱作农田土壤有机碳与土壤物理性状、生物学性状和产量构成因素的影响,阐明了4者之间的作用规律与相互关系。连续两年的研究结果如下：(1)不同耕作方式能改善部分土壤物理性状。其中2013年QS和QX较CT明显降低了土壤容重,2014年3种耕作方式增加了0.25mm土壤团聚体含量,不同耕作方式在两年内不同程度提高了土壤含水量,尤其是对油菜角果期0-50cm土层深度影响较大,4种耕作方式使得土壤含水量分别较CT平均提高了42.92%、15.59%、39.88%和44.92%,作物收获后土壤含水量表现优于CT,2014年土壤含水量表现为：SSQSQXLSSCT。(2)不同耕作方式能显著提高土壤有机碳含量,有利于土壤碳汇。4种耕作方式连续两年不同程度提高了土壤总有机碳含量,其中2014年土壤总有机碳含量提高幅度为78.82%-89.77%,且与土壤碳密度、容重、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性呈极显著正相关,显著提高了开花期与角果期30-50cm土层土壤碳密度和土壤重组有机碳含量,4种,耕作方式平均较CT提高1.80-2.57倍和1.72-2.36倍；QS、QX、SS和LSS明显提高了土壤活性有机碳含量：开花期0-10cm和角果期30-50cm土层深度,显著提高了土壤易氧化有机碳、土壤微生物生物量碳和土壤轻组有机碳的含量,并且3种活性有机碳呈现极显著正相关关系,相关系数为R=0.634,R=0.777和R=0.731。(3)不同耕作方式改善了土壤生物学性状。不同耕作方式在两年内提高了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量,其中以SS提高较多,特别是2014年较CT分别提高了15.81%-60.69%和25.63%-58.05%,并且土壤微生物量之间极显著正相关；不同耕作方式显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性,并且脲酶与蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶之间极显著正相关；一定程度上提高了土壤蔗糖酶活性,与过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶呈显著正相关；不同耕作方式随着年限推进降低了土壤呼吸速率,尤其是2014年SS较CT显著降低了土壤呼吸速率,并且与土壤温度、脲酶、轻组有机碳、重组有机碳和微生物生物量氮呈极显著正相关关系,与土壤蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、总有机碳、微生物生物量碳呈显著正相关关系。(4)不同耕作方式提高了作物产量。2013年不同耕作方式下燕麦籽粒产量较CT显著提高,2014年中仅SS显著提高了油菜籽粒产量,较CT提高了75.38%,在与土壤有机碳组份和微生物生物量的相关分析中表明,籽粒产量与土壤总有机碳、易氧化有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量呈显著正相关,与土壤轻组有机碳、重组有机碳和微生物生物量氮呈极显著正相关。综上所述,不同耕作方式中,SS改善了土壤部分物理性状,提高了土壤有机碳含量,增加了土壤微生物生物量的含量,提高了土壤酶活性,降低了土壤呼吸速率,显著提高了作物籽粒产量,是阴山北麓旱作农业区域较为适宜的耕作方式。
[Abstract]:In Inner Mongolia, drought, low level of regional sandy chestnut soil fertility, with less tillage based farming methods, can protect water, fertilizer and reduce carbon emissions. This paper takes Inner Mongolia Yinshan Mountain in Wuchuan County as the study area, planting local food crops - oat (2013), rape (2014. And with conventional tillage (CT) as the control of Asamatsu (QS), shallowrotation (QX), Fukamatsu (SS) and bare subsoiling (LSS) 4 kinds of Tillage on farmland, soil organic carbon and soil physical properties, the influencing factors of biological traits and yield, elucidates the role of law 4 between the relationship with each other. The results are as follows: the research for two consecutive years (1) in different tillage can improve soil physical properties. In 2013, QS and QX compared with CT significantly decreased soil bulk density, 2014 3 tillage treatments increased 0.25mm soil aggregate content, different tillage methods Within two years of different degree of increase the soil moisture, especially a greater impact on the 0-50cm depth of pod stage, 4 kinds of tillage makes soil moisture respectively compared with the average CT increased by 42.92%, 15.59%, 39.88% and 44.92%, after crop harvest soil moisture is better than the performance of CT, 2014 soil moisture content is as follows: SSQSQXLSSCT. (2) tillage can significantly increase soil organic carbon content, is conducive to soil carbon sequestration.4 farming methods for two consecutive years increased the total soil organic carbon content, total organic carbon content of soil in 2014 increased by 78.82%-89.77%, and soil carbon density, bulk density, significantly positive correlation with the urease and invertase activity. Significantly improve the flowering and pod period 30-50cm soil carbon density and HFOC, 4, average tillage higher than that of CT 1.80-2.57 times and 1.72-2.36 times; QS, Q X, SS and LSS significantly increased the content of soil active organic carbon: flowering period 0-10cm and siliquing stage 30-50cm depth, significantly increased soil easily oxidized organic carbon content, soil microbial biomass carbon and soil light fraction organic carbon, and 3 kinds of active organic carbon showed significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient is R=0.634 R=0.777, and R=0.731. (3) of different tillage improved soil biological traits. Different tillage increased soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen content in two years, of which SS is increased, especially in 2014 were more than that of CT 15.81%-60.69% and 25.63%-58.05%, and between soil microbial biomass significantly correlated with different cultivation way; significantly increased soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity, and between urease and invertase and alkaline phosphatase was significantly positive correlation; increase to a certain extent The soil invertase activity was positively correlated with catalase and alkaline phosphatase; different tillage with age advancing reduced soil respiration rate, especially in 2014 SS compared with CT significantly reduced the soil respiration rate and soil temperature, and urease, and light fraction organic carbon, there are significant positive correlation between organic carbon and recombination the microbial biomass nitrogen, and soil invertase, alkaline phosphatase, total organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon showed a significant positive correlation. (4) different tillage crop yield was increased in.2013 under different tillage oat grain yield significantly increased compared with CT in 2014, only SS significantly increased the yield of rape increased the 75.38% is that in CT, correlation analysis and soil organic carbon fractions and microbial biomass, grain yield and soil total organic carbon, readily oxidizable organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon content showed A positive correlation with soil light fraction organic carbon, was positively related to the reorganization of organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen. In conclusion, different tillage methods, SS improves some physical properties of soil, improve the soil organic carbon content, increased the content of soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity increased, decreased the soil respiration rate, significantly increased the grain yield of crop, is north of Yinshan Mountain dry farming area is suitable for farming.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S343.1;S151.9

【相似文献】