秸秆焚烧对土壤有机质和氮磷钾含量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-04 22:17

  本文选题：秸秆焚烧　切入点：有机质　出处：《生态学报》2016年02期

【摘要】：秸秆露天焚烧作为对废弃秸秆常见的处理方式在中国普遍存在。目前的研究多集中在焚烧对区域大气环境的影响,对土壤环境的化学效应研究较少。因此,为揭示大田秸秆焚烧对土壤生物化学性质的影响,设置不焚烧(CK)、减量焚烧(A1)、全量焚烧(A2)、增量焚烧(A3)4个处理,通过连续4个月的田间小区定位试验,探究不同小麦秸秆焚烧量对耕层0—5 cm土壤有机质含量、微生物数量、土壤养分含量的即时效应和各指标在玉米各生育期内的变化情况。结果表明:小麦秸秆焚烧1 d后土壤有机质含量和微生物数量相对于CK显著降低(P0.05)。其中,有机质含量在焚烧后减少11.0%—22.1%,真菌数量降低30.8%—56.1%,细菌数量降低50.6%—72.6%,放线菌数量降低46.9%—68.3%。土壤全效和速效养分含量显著增加(P0.05):全磷含量增加6.5%—12.9%,全钾含量增加4.6%—18.1%,全氮含量增加2.6%—13.2%。速效磷含量增加9.8%—39.1%,速效钾含量增加13.2%—39.1%,铵态氮含量增加8.6%—38.7%,硝态氮含量增加1.4%—9.2%。各指标的变化幅度随焚烧量的增多而加大(A3A2A1)。玉米生育期内,焚烧处理的土壤有机质含量平均恢复5.6%(A1A2A3)。与有机质相比,焚烧处理土壤微生物数量恢复程度较高,其中细菌的恢复速率最快。在玉米苗期各焚烧处理的真菌、细菌和放线菌平均数量相对于CK依次降低12.7%、17.4%、11.9%,在大喇叭口期和成熟期,微生物数量与CK间差异不显著。速效养分含量在玉米生育期显著高于CK。在玉米苗期、大喇叭口期和成熟期,相对于CK速效磷含量平均增加24.9%、27.0%、29.2%,速效钾平均增加24.0%、14.1%、15.2%,铵态氮平均增加25.5%、23.1%、20.2%,硝态氮平均增加20.8%、19.2%、19.8%。
[Abstract]:Open burning of straw is a common treatment of waste straw in China.At present, most of the researches focus on the effects of incineration on the regional atmospheric environment, but less on the chemical effects of the soil environment.Therefore, in order to reveal the effect of straw incineration on the biochemical properties of soil, four treatments, including non-incineration, incineration, incineration, incineration, incineration and incremental incineration, were carried out for 4 months.To explore the immediate effect of different wheat straw burning amount on the content of organic matter, microbial quantity and soil nutrient content in 0-5 cm soil of cultivated layer, and the changes of each index during the growth period of maize.The results showed that the content of soil organic matter and the amount of microorganism in wheat straw burned for 1 day were significantly lower than that of CK.Among them, the content of organic matter decreased 11.0-22.1, the number of fungi decreased 30.8-56.1, the number of bacteria decreased 50.6-72.6, the quantity of actinomycetes decreased 46.9- 68.3.Soil total and available nutrient contents increased significantly (P 0.05): total phosphorus content increased 6.5-12.9, total potassium content increased 4.6-18.1, total nitrogen content increased 2.6- 13.2%.The content of available phosphorus increased 9.8-39.1, the content of available potassium increased 13.2-39.1, the content of ammonium increased 8.6-38.7, and the content of nitrate increased 1.4-9.2.The change range of each index increased with the increase of incineration amount.During maize growing period, the content of organic matter in the soil treated by incineration was restored to 5.6A _ 1A _ 2A _ 3 on average.Compared with organic matter, the recovery rate of soil microorganism in incineration treatment was higher than that in organic matter, and the recovery rate of bacteria was the fastest.The average number of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased by 12.7 and 11.9in turn compared with CK in each incineration stage of maize seedling, but there was no significant difference between microbial number and CK in big bell mouth stage and mature stage.The content of available nutrients was significantly higher than that of CK in maize growth period.鍦ㄧ帀绫宠嫍鏈，

本文编号：1711939