硅酸盐菌剂对土壤有效养分含量及水稻产量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-08 12:41

本文选题：硅酸盐菌剂　切入点：微生物数量　出处：《东北农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在保证水稻品质和安全的情况下提高水稻的产量是现代绿色农业的发展要求,土壤微生物驱动土壤生态系统中的养分循环和能量转化进而影响水稻的品质和产量,但这方面的信息在我国东北寒带地区却鲜有报道。本试验以硅酸盐菌剂为研究对象,设4个处理分别为:不施硅酸盐菌剂(C0);施硅酸盐菌剂30 kg/hm2(C1);施硅酸盐菌剂60 kg/hm2(C2);施硅酸盐菌剂120 kg/hm2(C3),通过大田试验,研究硅酸盐菌剂对水稻土壤有效养分含量,水稻养分含量及产量的影响。本试验研究结果表明:在水稻生长过程中,硅酸盐菌剂能改变土壤微生物的数量,从数据中可以看出,处理C2和C3能显著增加土壤中细菌(灌浆期除外)和放线菌的数量,减少土壤中真菌的数量(抽穗期和成熟期除外)。在一定施用量范围内,在水稻分蘖期、抽穗期和灌浆期施用硅酸盐菌剂的C2和C3处理能增强土壤中脲酶;在水稻抽穗期,灌浆期和成熟期,施用硅酸盐菌剂的C2和C3处理能增强土壤中蔗糖酶的活性;在水稻成熟期,施用硅酸盐菌剂的C2和C3处理土壤酸性磷酸酶活性效果显著,分别比对照提高了37.8%和60.4%,其他时期则不显著。在水稻生长过程中,硅酸盐菌剂在适量施用范围内能提高土壤有效硅,碱解氮,速效磷和速效钾的含量。在水稻成熟期,处理C1和C2的土壤有效硅含量与对照相比效果显著,C2处理土壤有效硅含量比对照提高了8.1%;在水稻分蘖期、抽穗期和灌浆期,C1和C2处理土壤碱解氮的含量与对照相比效果显著,但是到了成熟期则不显著;除了在水稻分蘖期和抽穗期不显著外,其他时期施用硅酸盐菌剂的土壤速效磷含量与对照相比均差异显著;在水稻的生育期中,施用硅酸盐菌剂的土壤速效钾的含量均高于对照,在水稻成熟期,C2处理效果尤为明显。在水稻生长过程中,硅酸盐菌剂在一定施用量范围内能提高植株中硅、氮、磷和钾的总含量。在水稻生长期中,硅酸盐菌剂能促进水稻吸收土壤中的硅,使茎和叶中硅的含量明显增加,在水稻成熟期,施用硅酸盐菌剂的C2和C3处理茎中硅含量分别为49.7 g/kg和53.0g/kg,叶中硅含量分别为82.6 g/kg和84.5 g/kg,在水稻灌浆期和成熟期,硅酸盐菌剂能减少水稻穗中硅的含量;在水稻生育期中,硅酸盐菌剂能提高水稻植株茎、叶和穗中氮素的总含量,在水稻分蘖期,C2处理效果尤为显著;在水稻分蘖期和抽穗期,硅酸盐菌剂的C2处理能显著提高水稻植株茎、叶和穗中磷素的含量;在水稻的生长过程中,硅酸盐菌剂能提高植物茎、叶和穗中钾素的含量,在水稻抽穗期和成熟期,施用硅酸盐菌剂的C2处理效果显著。硅酸盐菌剂在适量施用范围内提高水稻干物质重,提高水稻实粒数,有效穗数和结实率,进而增加水稻的产量。各处理中,施用硅酸盐菌剂的C2处理效果最好,产量达到10878kg/hm2,每公顷水稻的纯收益为6128元。在我国北方寒温带白浆土条件下,硅酸盐菌剂的施用量为60 kg/hm2(即C2处理),对水稻及水稻土的作用效果最好。
[Abstract]:In order to increase rice yield of rice quality and safety situation is the development of modern green agriculture, soil microbial nutrient cycling and energy transformation in the soil ecosystem and affect the quality and yield of rice, but this information in the northeastern boreal regions of China are rarely reported. In this experiment of silicate bacteria the object, with 4 treatments were: application of silicate bacteria (C0); application of silicate bacteria 30 kg/hm2 (C1); application of silicate bacteria 60 kg/hm2 (C2); application of silicate bacteria 120 kg/hm2 (C3), through field test, study of silicate bacteria on effective nutrient content of paddy soil, effects of nutrient content and yield rice. The experimental results show that: in the process of rice growth, the number of silicate bacteria can change the soil microbial community, can be seen from the data, C2 and C3 could significantly increase soil bacteria (irrigation Slurry phase except) and actinomyces, reduce the number of fungi in the soil (except heading and maturity). In a certain dosage range, at the tillering stage, C2 and C3 treatment during heading and filling stage application of silicate bacteria can enhance soil urease; in rice heading stage, filling stage and the mature period, C2 and C3 application of silicate bacteria can enhance soil sucrase activity in rice; mature stage, application of silicate bacteria C2 and C3 soil acid phosphatase activity significantly, increased by 37.8% and 60.4%, the other time is not significant. In the process of rice growth, Portland can improve the range of agents in the appropriate application of available silicon in soil, nitrogen content, available phosphorus and potassium in rice. The mature period, the soil available silicon content of treatment C1 and C2 compared with the control effect significantly, soil available silicon content than C2 Increased by 8.1%; at the tillering stage, heading stage and grain filling stage, C1 and C2 of soil nitrogen content compared with the control effect, but to maturity is not significant; except in the tillering stage and heading stage was not significant, other period of application of silicate bacteria with soil available phosphorus content the significant was higher than control difference; in the growth period of rice, the content of available potassium in soil application of silicate bacteria was higher than that of the control, in the rice mature period, C2 treatment effect is obvious. In the process of rice growth, in a certain amount of silicate bacteria can enhance the plant of silicon, nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium contents in the rice growing period, silicate bacteria can promote the absorption of silicon in rice soil, the content of stem and Ye Zhonggui increased significantly in rice mature period, the application of silicate bacteria C2 and C3 treatments were 49.7 g/kg silicon content And 53.0g/kg, the silicon content of leaves were 82.6 g/kg and 84.5 g/kg in grain filling period and mature period, silicate bacteria can reduce content of silicon in rice panicle; rice growth period, silicate bacteria can increase the rice plants, the total nitrogen content in leaf and ear, at the tillering stage, C2 treatment effect is particularly significant; in the tillering stage and heading stage, silicate bacteria C2 treatment could significantly improve the rice plant stem, leaf and spike in phosphorus content; during the rice growth process, silicate bacteria can improve the plant stem, the content of potassium in rice leaf and spike, heading and maturity, the treatment effect of C2 application silicate bacteria significantly. Silicate bacteria increase rice dry matter weight in the appropriate application range, improve the rice grain number, panicle number and seed setting rate, and increase the yield of rice. All the treatments, C2 treatment effect of application of silicon acid salt agent The best yield is 10878kg/hm2, and the net income per hectare is 6128 yuan. Under the condition of cold and warm white soil in the north of China, the dosage of silicate bacteria agent is 60 kg/hm2 (i.e. C2 treatment), which has the best effect on rice and paddy soil.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S511;S158

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