不同有机物料养分特征对蚯蚓生长繁殖的影响

发布时间：2018-04-08 20:18

  本文选题：蚯蚓　切入点：生长繁殖　出处：《华南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业有机废弃物的不合理处置造成了生态环境污染等问题,严重影响着农业可持续性发展和人类的健康生活。蚯蚓堆制处理对有机物料的分解转化、形态改变具有推动作用。目前针对常见农业有机废弃物的养分特征对蚯蚓堆制处理研究较少。本研究结合不同有机物料中蚯蚓的生长发育情况,旨在揭示蚯蚓的生长繁殖与不同有机物料养分特征的关系,有助于为优化堆制环境、提高其堆制效率提供指导,以及为蚯蚓更好地作为工程生物在畜禽粪便等农业有机废弃物的减量化、无害化、资源化利用处理的应用提供理论依据。本研究采用室内堆制实验技术,选取赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)和五种常见的农业有机废弃物即牛粪、蘑菇渣、羊粪、鸡粪和猪粪为研究对象,进行了为期45d的堆制处理实验。得出如下结果:(1)蚯蚓的生长状况与有机物料的养分特征有密切联系。本研究供试物料的碳氮比在7-17范围内,蚯蚓存活率随物料碳氮比的增加而增大,高碳氮比促进成蚓增重,而且对蚓茧数、幼蚓数的增加更有利;全氮含量高对蚯蚓生存有抑制作用,但能够促进成蚓最大单体重、蚓茧数、幼蚓数的增加;5种有机物料的pH值在6-9范围内,蚓茧、幼蚓数随物料pH值的增大而增加,即碱性环境相对于酸性环境更适合蚯蚓的繁殖;有机碳含量高会导致蚯蚓死亡率增加,对蚯蚓生存不利;高氮磷比会导致蚓茧数下降,对蚯蚓繁殖有抑制作用;高速效钾含量会增加幼蚓数。(2)蚯蚓堆制作用能对有机物料的养分特征有显著影响。在物料本身氮素矿化作用较弱的情况下,蚯蚓能显著降低物料的碳氮比;蚯蚓可以通过将有机氮转化为硝态氮和铵态氮、自身分泌富氮物质等方式提高物料中的全氮含量;蚯蚓能通过生理作用将环境有机碳和pH值调节至适宜其生长发育的含量范围;蚯蚓能够显著提高物料全磷含量,促进速效磷、速效钾的积累,对全钾含量有降低作用。综上所述,蚯蚓的堆制作用会增加全氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾的含量,降低碳氮比和全钾含量,并将有机碳和pH值维持在最适范围内;在本研究条件下,高碳氮比、低全氮和低有机碳的环境更有利于蚯蚓的生长发育,高碳氮比、高全氮、高速效钾和低氮磷比的碱性环境更有利于蚯蚓的繁殖;蘑菇渣、牛粪为最适合作为蚯蚓堆制处理饵料,鸡粪最不适合。
[Abstract]:The unreasonable disposal of agricultural organic wastes has caused the ecological environment pollution and has seriously affected the sustainable development of agriculture and the healthy life of human beings.Earthworm piling can promote the decomposition and transformation of organic materials.At present, there is little research on earthworm composting based on the nutrient characteristics of common agricultural organic wastes.The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between the growth and reproduction of earthworms and the nutrient characteristics of different organic materials, and to provide guidance for optimizing the stacking environment and increasing the efficiency of earthworms.It also provides a theoretical basis for the application of earthworms as engineering organisms in the reduction, innocuity and utilization of agricultural organic wastes such as livestock and poultry dung.In this study, we selected Eisenia foetida (Eisenia foetida) and five common agricultural organic wastes, namely cow dung, mushroom dregs, sheep dung, chicken dung and pig dung, for 45 days.The results are as follows: (1) the growth status of earthworms is closely related to the nutrient characteristics of organic materials.In the range of 7-17, the survival rate of earthworm increased with the increase of C / N ratio, and the high C / N ratio promoted the weight gain of adult worms, and the increase of cocoon number and the number of young worms was more favorable.The high nitrogen content inhibited the survival of earthworms, but promoted the increase of the maximum weight of adult worms, the number of cocoons and the number of young worms. The pH values of five organic materials ranged from 6 to 9, and the number of cocoons and young worms increased with the increase of pH value of the materials.That is, alkaline environment is more suitable for earthworm reproduction than acid environment, high organic carbon content will lead to the increase of earthworm mortality, which will be detrimental to the survival of earthworm, high nitrogen and phosphorus ratio will lead to the decrease of cocoon number, which will inhibit earthworm reproduction.High available potassium content will increase the number of young worms. 2) the energy used for making earthworm pile has a significant effect on the nutrient characteristics of organic materials.Under the condition of weak nitrogen mineralization, earthworms can significantly reduce the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, and earthworms can increase the content of total nitrogen by transforming organic nitrogen into nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, and secreting nitrogen-rich substances by themselves.The earthworm could adjust the environmental organic carbon and pH value to the suitable range of growth and development through physiological action, and earthworm could significantly increase the total phosphorus content of the material, promote the accumulation of available phosphorus and available potassium, and reduce the total potassium content.To sum up, earthworm piling can increase the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, decrease carbon to nitrogen ratio and total potassium content, and keep organic carbon and pH value in the optimum range; in this study, high carbon to nitrogen ratio,The environment of low total nitrogen and low organic carbon is more favorable to the growth and development of earthworms. The alkaline environment with high C / N ratio, high total nitrogen ratio, high available potassium and low N / P ratio is more favorable for the reproduction of earthworms, and mushroom residue and cow dung are the most suitable food for earthworm composting.Chicken manure is the worst fit.
【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X71;S899.8
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本文编号：1723179