泰安市异色瓢虫色斑型和性比变化

发布时间：2018-04-08 21:09

本文选题：异色瓢虫　切入点：色斑型　出处：《环境昆虫学报》2016年02期

【摘要】：昆虫色斑型与基因型的关联性以及与环境适应性的关系,是昆虫学的研究热点之一。异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis Pallas作为一种重要的昆虫色斑多型性资源,受到广泛重视。本文于2012-2015年通过调查统计泰安市异色瓢虫不同时期鞘翅底色、不同位置斑点、联斑、二窗型和四窗型、性比等指标的变化特点,并进行了多项式拟合、χ2(卡方)检验和相关性分析,明确了异色瓢虫色斑型和性比的周年变化特点及其与月平均气温的关系。结果表明,浅色型异色瓢虫中,浅色型、不同位置斑点和联斑数量比例均随月份先降后升,与月平均温度显著负相关,均在夏季出现最低值。深色型中,深色型数量比例随月份先升后降,与月平均温度显著正相关;其中的二窗型数量比例在夏季和冬季上升,春季和秋季下降,四窗型则相反,但均于月平均气温相关性不显著,相关系数分别为-0.09和0.09。异色瓢虫种群、浅色型和深色型均表现为偏雌现象,在夏季更为明显,且与月平均气温显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.79、0.90和0.66。χ2检验可知,异色瓢虫浅色型和深色型数量、不同位置斑点数量、联斑数量、二窗型和四窗型数量以及种群、浅色型和深色型雌雄数量均与月份显著关联。综合分析可知,异色瓢虫浅色型中各指标受月平均气温影响均较大。除数量比例和性比受温度影响较大外,深色型中二窗型和四窗型比例变化较小。异色瓢虫各指标均月份显著关联。
[Abstract]:The relationship between insect stains and genotypes and environmental adaptability is one of the focuses in entomology.As an important polymorphic resource of insect color spots, Harmonia axyridis Pallas has been paid more and more attention.In this paper, the characteristics of the changes of scabbard bottom color, spots in different positions, joint spots, two-window type and four-window type, sex ratio of Heterochromatic ladybug in Taian City were analyzed from 2012 to 2015.The polynomial fitting, 蠂 2 (chi-square) test and correlation analysis were carried out to determine the annual variation characteristics of color spot pattern and sex ratio and the relationship between the pattern and the monthly mean air temperature.The results showed that the number of spots and spots in different positions of light colored ladybug decreased first and then increased with the month, which was negatively correlated with the monthly mean temperature, and the lowest value appeared in summer.In the dark type, the number ratio of the dark type increased first and then decreased with the month, which was positively correlated with the monthly mean temperature, and the ratio of the two window type increased in summer and winter, decreased in spring and autumn, and opposite in the four window type.But there was no significant correlation between the average monthly temperature and the average temperature, the correlation coefficients were -0.09 and 0.09, respectively.The population of Heteroladybird, light color type and dark color type all showed partial female phenomenon, which was more obvious in summer, and was positively correlated with monthly mean temperature, the correlation coefficient was 0.79 and 0.66 respectively. 蠂 2 test showed that the number of light color type and dark type of heterocolor ladybug was significant.The number of spots in different positions, the number of joint spots, the number of two-window and four-window type and the population, the number of female and male of light color type and dark type were all significantly correlated with the month.The comprehensive analysis shows that each index in the light color pattern of ladybug is affected by the monthly mean temperature.Except that the ratio of quantity and sex is influenced by temperature, the ratio of two windows and four windows in dark color has little change.All indexes were significantly correlated with each month.
【作者单位】：山东省果树研究所;山东省农业科学院淄博分院;
【基金】：山东省农业科学院院地科技合作引导计划项目(2015YDHZ53) 泰安市科技发展计划(201540701) 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2015YL058)
【分类号】：S476.2

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