硝化抑制剂和秸秆对潮棕壤碳氮转化和微生物群落特征的短期影响

发布时间：2018-04-10 01:11

本文选题：施肥　切入点：氮矿化　出处：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年01期

【摘要】：氮是植物和微生物生长繁殖的必需营养元素,而氮矿化表征了土壤供氮能力。通过盆栽实验,采用同位素稀释法和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法,研究了添加硝化抑制剂和秸秆条件下,潮棕壤碳氮矿化和微生物群落组成变化特征。结果表明,与施氮量N 0.1 g·kg~(-1)的单施氮肥处理(NF)相比,氮肥配施1%硝化抑制剂(NFI)的土壤铵态氮提高32%,而硝态氮降低53%。氮肥与施用量为5 g·kg~(-1)的秸秆配施(NS),土壤氮素总矿化速率增加36%,微生物生物量碳提高51%,β-葡萄糖苷酶活性提高36%,同时显著增加了土壤总PLFA以及细菌、真菌、真菌/细菌和革兰式阴性菌(P0.05),土壤呼吸熵降低50%。与氮肥配施秸秆处理(NS)相比,氮肥、秸秆和硝化抑制剂配施处理(NSI),土壤铵态氮提高33%,硝态氮下降47%。综上所述,氮肥和秸秆配施可以提高土壤微生物生物量,改变土壤微生物群落组成,配施1%(N)硝化抑制剂后降低土壤硝化速率,增加土壤供氮能力。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen is the essential nutrients for plant and microbial growth and reproduction, and characterization of nitrogen mineralization of soil nitrogen supplying capacity. The pot experiment was carried out using isotope dilution and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method, to study the effect of nitrification inhibitor and straw under the condition that the composition characteristics of aquic brown soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization and microbial community. The results showed that with the amount of nitrogen N 0.1 g - kg~ (-1) single nitrogen fertilizer (NF), nitrogen fertilizer 1% nitrification inhibitor (NFI) of soil ammonium nitrogen increased 32%, while the nitrate reducing nitrogen application amount was 5 53%. and G kg~ (-1) straw fertilizer (NS) 36%, increase the soil total nitrogen mineralization rate, microbial biomass carbon increased 51%, beta glucosidase activity increased by 36%, while significantly increased soil PLFA and total bacteria, fungi, fungi / bacteria and gram negative bacteria (P0.05), soil respiration entropy decreased 50%. Straw and nitrogen fertilizer treatment (NS compared), Nitrogen fertilizer, straw fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor (NSI), soil ammonium nitrogen increased 33%, nitrate nitrogen decreased 47%. in nitrogen fertilizer and straw fertilizer can increase soil microbial biomass, soil microbial community composition changed, with 1% (N) of soil nitrification rate decreased after nitrification inhibitor, increased soil nitrogen supplying capacity.

【作者单位】：中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所;中国科学院大学;抚松县林业局;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“土壤微生物对还田秸秆小分子有机氮的直接利用及影响机制(41571290)”
【分类号】：S154.3;S153

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