生物炭在土壤中矿化的研究进展

发布时间：2018-04-10 08:15

本文选题：生物炭　切入点：土壤　出处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：虽然生物炭因自身特性决定了其矿化缓慢,但生物炭矿化仍能影响土壤生态系统内部及外部物质循环,该方面的研究对于区域碳格局、碳平衡和储碳改土都具有重要意义。人工合成的生物炭的原材料、制备条件以及所处土壤类型的不同,其矿化率不能以自然形成的土壤黑炭类推。研究方法从CO_2流量测定法、常规差减法发展到稳定同位素~(13)C技术的应用,使得生物炭矿化研究更加精确。生物炭特性受其源材料、制备温度、制备过程升温率、最终温度及其后续处理等影响,进一步影响其矿化阶段特点。生物炭矿化的根本是因土壤微生物的作用,而该作用是多种菌群作用的综合效应。自然条件下微生物活性受到诸多外界环境因素(包括土壤类型、土壤温度、水分、通气状况、土壤结构、植被类型和农田管理模式等)的影响,多种因素综合作用使得自然条件下的生物炭矿化速率明显小于培养试验。从生物炭矿化及其研究方法、生物炭矿化阶段、生物炭矿化受影响的诸多因素(包括生物炭来源、制备方法、制备温度、土壤类型、温度、水分和耕作制度等)几个方面分别展开综述,综合分析评述了生物炭输入土壤的矿化特征方面及其微生物学机制的主要研究进展。
[Abstract]:Although biochar mineralization is slow due to its own characteristics, biochar mineralization can still affect the internal and external material cycle of soil ecosystem. This study is of great significance for regional carbon pattern, carbon balance and carbon storage and soil improvement.The mineralization rate of synthetic biochar can not be deduced from the naturally formed soil black carbon due to its different raw materials, preparation conditions and soil types.The research methods were developed from CO_2 flow measurement and conventional subtraction to the application of stable isotope 13C technique, which made the study of biochar mineralization more accurate.The characteristics of biochar are affected by its source material, preparation temperature, heating rate of preparation process, final temperature and its subsequent treatment, which further influence the characteristics of mineralization stage.The root of biochar mineralization is the action of soil microorganism, which is a comprehensive effect of many kinds of microflora.Under natural conditions, microbial activity is affected by many external environmental factors (including soil types, soil temperature, water, aeration, soil structure, vegetation types and farmland management patterns, etc.).The mineralization rate of biochar under natural condition is obviously lower than that of culture test.From the biological carbon mineralization and its research methods, the biological carbon mineralization stage, the biological carbon mineralization many factors (including the biological carbon source, the preparation method, the preparation temperature, the soil type, the temperature, the biochar mineralization stage, the biological carbon mineralization stage, the biological carbon mineralization stage, the biological carbon mineralization stage,Several aspects of water and tillage system were reviewed, and the main research progress on mineralization characteristics and microbiological mechanism of biochar input soil were reviewed.
【作者单位】：中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所;东北大学生命科学与健康学院;吉林省梨树县农业技术推广总站;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303095) 国家自然科学基金项目(41301325)
【分类号】：S141

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