紫茎泽兰堆肥的质量及对土壤有机质、养分和微生物的影响

发布时间：2018-04-11 04:29

本文选题：紫茎泽兰 + 堆肥　；参考：《土壤》2017年03期

【摘要】：为紫茎泽兰是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物,具有生物毒性,无害化处理与资源化利用可经济、有效地防除紫茎泽兰。试验检测了紫茎泽兰生物堆肥的质量,并将紫茎泽兰生物堆肥(M)、化肥(CF)和生物堆肥+化肥(CFM)分别施入土壤,利用培养试验比较了它们对土壤有机质、养分和微生物的影响,为客观评价紫茎泽兰生物堆肥质量、微生物毒性和肥效提供有益信息。结果表明,紫茎泽兰生物堆肥质量符合NY525-2011国家标准(水分除外),且优于自然堆肥。在120 d的培养期间,CF处理降低土壤真菌和放线菌数量,对细菌数量无显著影响;CFM和M处理可提高土壤有机质和微生物量碳、氮,增加土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量。在添加化肥的土壤中,培养前期的碱解氮、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性高于CK(不施肥),后期与CK无显著差异。在CFM和M处理的土壤中,碱解氮变化平缓,但持续高于CK,蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于CF和CK。因此,紫茎泽兰生物堆肥对土壤有机质、氮、微生物生物量及土壤酶活性的影响类似于普通有机肥。
[Abstract]:It is the most serious invasive alien plant in China. It has biological toxicity, harmless treatment and resource utilization can be economical, and effectively prevent and control Eupatorium purpurea.The quality of biological compost of Eupatorium purpurea was tested, and the effects of organic matter, nutrient and microorganism on soil organic matter, nutrient and microorganism were compared by applying CFM, CFM and CFM, respectively.It provides useful information for the objective evaluation of compost quality, microbial toxicity and fertilizer efficiency of Eupatorium purpurea.The results showed that the compost quality of Eupatorium purpurea was in accordance with the NY525-2011 national standard (except water content) and was superior to that of natural compost.During 120 days of culture, CF treatment decreased the number of soil fungi and actinomycetes, but had no significant effect on the number of bacteria. CFM and M treatments could increase soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and increase the number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes.The activities of urease and sucrase in the soil with chemical fertilizer addition were higher than those in CK at the early stage of culture (no fertilizer application, but there was no significant difference between the latter stage and CK).In soil treated with CFM and M, the activity of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen changed slightly, but continuously higher than that of CK, sucrase, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase, which was significantly higher than that of CF and CK.Therefore, the effects of biological compost on soil organic matter, nitrogen, microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity were similar to those of common organic fertilizer.
【作者单位】：西南大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2013CB127405) 四川省烟草公司科技项目(201551340027159)资助
【分类号】：S141.4

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