网柄菌对鸡粪中大肠菌群的去除作用研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 11:00

  本文选题：畜禽粪便污染 + 微生物防治　； 参考：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国的畜禽养殖业迅猛发展,取得了巨大的经济和社会效益。养殖规模位于世界前列。但是,在养殖过程中会产生大量的畜禽粪便,其产量已经远远超过了周围环境的所能处理和消纳的能力,增加了环境负担。粪便是病原微生物的主要载体,并且病原微生物在体外仍具有传染性,室温下也能长时间存活。患病或隐性带病的畜禽排出的粪便会带有多种致病菌和寄生虫卵,如果得不到有效的处理,不仅会影响畜禽的正常生长,还会严重威胁人类的身体健康,造成人畜共患病情况。现有研究结果表明,网柄菌广泛存在与自然界中,对肠道细菌具有良好捕食作用,同时还能最大限度的保留原有营养物质。所以可以利用其对细菌的捕食作用来去除鸡粪中的肠道细菌。所以本实验主要研究了以下几个方面,从土壤中分离出网柄菌,对其纯化、鉴定和筛选,并确定不同的培养条件对肠道细菌去除效果的影响。具体研究结果如下:⑴从所采土样中共鉴定出网柄菌三种,分别为:小网柄菌D.minutum、紫轮柄菌P.violaceum、毛霉状网柄菌Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld。⑵20℃培养条件下筛选出的对肠道细菌去除效果最好的网柄菌菌株为毛霉状网柄菌(Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld),去除效果明显优于其它三株网柄菌以及空白对照样本。⑶通过单因素实验进行条件的优化培养研究结果表明:调节含水率的水溶液pH值最佳值为5,最佳秸秆粒径为0.5-1mm,最佳综合含水率为60%,最佳鸡粪与秸秆的配料比为1:2,最佳培养温度为20℃。⑷确定的最佳培养条件下培养20d后,会发现随着网柄菌数量的增长,细菌和大肠菌群的数量逐渐减少,毛霉状网柄菌的粘变形体数量达到最大值5.5×105cfu/g,细菌总数下降至3.8×107cfu/g、大肠菌群下降至3.3×106cfu/g,细菌和大肠菌群的去除率都能达到百分之九十以上,去除效果明显。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China has developed rapidly and achieved great economic and social benefits.The scale of farming is in the forefront of the world.However, a large amount of livestock and poultry manure will be produced in the breeding process, and its output has far exceeded the ability of the surrounding environment to deal with and absorb it, thus increasing the environmental burden.Feces are the main carriers of pathogenic microorganisms, and they are still infectious in vitro and can survive for a long time at room temperature.Feces excreted by sick or recessive diseased livestock and poultry will contain a variety of pathogenic bacteria and parasitic eggs. If not effectively treated, it will not only affect the normal growth of livestock and poultry, but also seriously threaten the health of human beings and cause zoonosis.The present research results show that Staphylococcus reticulata exists widely in nature and has a good predation effect on intestinal bacteria, but also can retain the original nutrients to the maximum extent.Therefore, the predation of bacteria can be used to remove intestinal bacteria from chicken manure.So this experiment mainly studied the following aspects, isolated from the soil, purification, identification and screening, and determine the different culture conditions on the removal of intestinal bacteria.The specific results are as follows: 1. Three species of Stella were identified from the soil samples collected.D. minutumus, P. violaceum and Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld.220 were the most effective culturing bacteria for intestinal bacteria removal, which were better than that of Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeldr.The optimum culture conditions of the other three strains of Staphylococcus reticulata and the blank control sample .3 were studied by single factor experiment. The results showed that the optimum pH value of water solution was 5, the optimum diameter of straw was 0.5-1mm, and the optimum comprehensive water content was obtained.The optimum ratio of chicken manure to straw was 1: 2, the optimum culture temperature was 20 鈩，

本文编号：1735711