间套作强化农田生态系统服务功能的研究进展与应用展望

发布时间：2018-04-11 15:41

本文选题：间作套种 + 作物多样性　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2016年04期

【摘要】：间套作是我国传统农业的精髓,其存在2 000多年,必然蕴含重要的科学原理。过去的研究表明其不仅能够大幅度提高作物产量,而且能够充分利用地上部的光热资源,充分挖掘和利用地下部水分养分资源,强化农田生态系统服务功能。近年来,国内外对其资源高效利用的研究取得了显著的进步,特别是地下部资源高效利用方面。本文首先综述了相关研究的进展:间套作作为增加农田生态系统生物多样性的重要措施,具有重要的生态功能,如提高作物产量,增加作物生产力的稳定性,充分利用地上部光热资源和土壤水分、土壤和肥料中的氮素和磷素以及微量元素等。随后,对间套作提高资源利用效率的机制进行了分析,包括水分需求上的时间和空间生态位互补,豆科/禾本科间作体系中的豆科作物生物固氮和禾本科作物对土壤氮素利用上的互补和促进作用;磷活化能力强弱搭配的间作体系中,磷活化能力强的作物对活化能力弱的作物的促进作用;双子叶和单子叶植物的搭配,改善双子叶植物的Fe、Zn等微量元素的含量等。最后,对间套作进一步研究方向和应用提出了一些看法和思路。在研究方面,包括作物多样性与农业可持续发展,地下部作物种间信号的传递,地上地下部多样性的互反馈调节机制,以及作物生长模型等。在应用方面,包括豆科作物纳入农业生产体系发展生态集约化农业,利用间套作发展有机农业,利用种间相互作用提高磷肥利用率和增加作物可食部分的微量元素含量等。并认为间套作中的机械化、育种等问题的解决将有利于间套作的进一步发展。
[Abstract]:Intercropping is the quintessence of traditional agriculture in China. It exists for more than 2000 years and must contain important scientific principles.Past studies have shown that it can not only greatly increase crop yield, but also make full use of the light and heat resources of the aboveground part, fully tap and utilize the water and nutrient resources in the underground part, and strengthen the service function of farmland ecosystem.In recent years, great progress has been made in the study of efficient utilization of resources, especially in the area of efficient utilization of underground resources.In this paper, we first reviewed the progress of related research: intercropping, as an important measure to increase the biodiversity of farmland ecosystem, has important ecological functions, such as increasing crop yield and increasing the stability of crop productivity.Full use of aboveground light and heat resources and soil moisture, soil and fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus, trace elements and so on.Subsequently, the mechanisms of intercropping to improve resource use efficiency were analyzed, including the complementarity of temporal and spatial niches in water demand,The biological nitrogen fixation of leguminous crops and the complementary and promotive effects of gramineous crops on soil nitrogen use in legume / gramineous intercropping system; in the intercropping system with strong or weak phosphorus activation ability,The promotion effect of crops with strong phosphorus activation ability on the crops with weak activation ability and the combination of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants can improve the content of trace elements such as Fe, Zn and so on in dicotyledonous plants.Finally, some ideas and ideas are put forward for further research and application.It includes crop diversity and agricultural sustainable development, interspecific signal transmission of underground crops, mutual feedback regulation mechanism of aboveground and underground diversity, and crop growth model.In application, legume crops were integrated into agricultural production system to develop ecological intensive agriculture, intercropping was used to develop organic agriculture, interspecific interaction was used to improve phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate and increase the content of trace elements in edible parts of crops, etc.It is suggested that the solution of mechanization and breeding in intercropping will be beneficial to the further development of intercropping.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学资源与环境学院/植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室/生物多样性与有机农业北京市重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(31430014) 国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B10) 国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100405)资助~~
【分类号】：S344;S181

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