冻融过程对土壤物理化学及生物学性质的影响研究及展望

发布时间：2018-04-11 15:40

本文选题：冻融过程 + 土壤　；参考：《农业环境科学学报》2016年12期

【摘要】：冻融是我国北方地区常见的气候现象,其水热条件的反复变化会影响土壤等环境介质的物理化学及生物学性质。冻融过程产生的交替收缩与膨胀可改变土壤结构、水分分布特征,尤其会降低土壤团聚体的稳定性;由于温度、水分、氧化还原等条件的不断变化,冻融过程会促进土壤硝化作用和溶解性有机酸的释放,使土壤微生物量及其活性受到影响,导致土壤pH值、CEC和Ca CO_3含量等随之降低。在冻融过程中,土壤有机质的变化最为明显,反复冻融使有机碳不同程度地暴露和释放,加快了土壤有机碳矿化速率,使土壤可溶性有机碳量增加,最终加剧可溶性有机碳的流失。以往对冻融作用的研究主要集中在自然土壤介质,缺乏对其他环境介质如畜禽粪便等有机固体废弃物的相关报道。在综述冻融过程对土壤物理、化学及生物学性质影响的基础上,提出了未来在一定区域尺度上开展冻融过程对土壤理化性质影响研究,并结合探讨畜禽粪便等有机固体废弃物和土壤污染物的响应机制,为冻融气候条件下土壤污染控制和科学土地利用管理提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Freezing and thawing is a common climatic phenomenon in northern China. The repeated changes of water and heat conditions will affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and other environmental media.The alternate shrinkage and expansion produced by freezing and thawing process can change the soil structure and water distribution, especially reduce the stability of soil aggregates, because of the constant change of temperature, moisture, redox, etc.Freezing and thawing can promote soil nitrification and release of soluble organic acids, affect soil microbial biomass and its activity, and decrease soil pH and Ca CO_3 content.In the process of freezing and thawing, the change of soil organic matter was most obvious. Repeated freezing and thawing made organic carbon exposed and released to different degrees, accelerated the mineralization rate of soil organic carbon, and increased the content of soil soluble organic carbon.Ultimately, the loss of soluble organic carbon is aggravated.Previous studies on freeze-thawing mainly focused on natural soil media, and lack of related reports on other environmental media such as animal manure and other organic solid wastes.Based on the review of the effects of freezing and thawing on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, it is proposed that the effects of freezing and thawing on the physical and chemical properties of soils should be studied at a certain regional scale in the future.The response mechanism of organic solid wastes and soil pollutants such as livestock and poultry manure was discussed to provide scientific basis for soil pollution control and scientific land use management under freezing and thawing climate.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室;北京市土肥工作站;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(21577007,21277013) “十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0800204)
【分类号】：S151.9

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