长期定位施肥对黄绵土区作物产量及养分回收率的影响

发布时间：2018-04-12 19:01

本文选题：长期施肥 + 黄土高原　；参考：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：通过近30年(1981—2010年)的长期定位试验,系统研究长期施肥对黄绵土区作物产量及养分累积利用率的影响。结果表明:长期施用化肥和有机肥在显著增加小麦、油菜和胡麻3种作物产量的同时小麦产量年际间的稳定性也显著提高,化肥配施和有机肥与化肥配施的增产和稳产效果更佳;施用有机肥处理和不施用有机肥处理,氮磷配施(NP)及氮磷钾配施(NPK)的增产效应都随试验年限延长而逐渐增加,且与试验年限间呈极显著正相关关系;施用氮肥(N)、氮磷配施(NP)及氮磷钾配施(NPK)的平均增产效应分别为745、1 413 kg·hm-2和1474 kg·hm-2,有机肥的平均增产效应为983 kg·hm-2;不同施肥处理中,氮磷(NP)配合施用及氮磷钾(NPK)配施处理氮和磷的累积回收率最高,分别为44.35%、44.55%和15.11%、15.35%;施用有机肥降低了氮和磷的累积回收率,有机肥与氮磷(MNP)及有机肥与氮磷钾(MNP)配施处理氮和磷的累积回收率分别为30.41%、32.07%和9.95%、9.70%;氮磷钾(NPK)处理钾的累积回收率最高,为14.25%,同样施用有机肥显著降低了钾的累积回收率。
[Abstract]:The effects of long-term fertilization on crop yield and nutrient accumulation efficiency in loess soil area were systematically studied through a long-term location-based experiment in recent 30 years (1981-2010).The results showed that long-term application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of wheat, rapeseed and flax, as well as the interannual stability of wheat yield.The effects of fertilizer combination and organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on increasing yield and stable yield were better, and the effects of organic fertilizer treatment and no organic fertilizer treatment on increasing yield of NPK and NPK increased gradually with the extension of experimental years.The cumulative recovery rates of N and P were 44.35% and 15.111.35%, respectively, and the cumulative recovery rates of N and P were decreased by applying organic fertilizer.The cumulative recoveries of nitrogen and phosphorus were 32.07% and 9.959.70, respectively, for organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, and the cumulative recovery for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were the highest (14.25%) in NPK treatment, and the accumulative recovery rate of potassium decreased significantly when organic fertilizer was applied.
【作者单位】：甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;天水市农业科学研究所;
【基金】：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划“中低产田障碍因子消减与地力提升共性关键技术研究”(2012BAD05B06) 甘肃省农业科学院创新专项“甘肃省土壤肥料长期定位协同研究”(2015GAAS14) “十二五”公益性行业(农业)科研专项“粮食主产区土壤肥力演变与培肥技术研究与示范”(201103005)
【分类号】：S147

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