坡沟侵蚀水沙搭配关系的阶段性特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 21:16

本文选题：坡沟系统 + 产流产沙　；参考：《人民黄河》2016年06期

【摘要】：坡沟系统是侵蚀产沙规律研究和水土保持生态治理的基本单元,研究坡沟系统侵蚀水沙搭配关系的时段特征,对于因地制宜适时布设水土保持措施具有重要意义。采取人工降雨模拟试验方法,分析了3种不同雨强下坡沟系统土壤侵蚀的产流产沙过程和侵蚀过程中水沙搭配关系的阶段性特征。结果表明:一定的下垫面条件下,在坡沟系统土壤侵蚀过程中存在雨强临界点,小于临界雨强时,产流产沙量随雨强的增大而急剧增大,雨强越大,侵蚀发育阶段进展越快,超过临界雨强时产流产沙量随雨强的增大和侵蚀发育的演进均有所减弱;雨量和雨强均为影响侵蚀产沙过程的重要因素,试验条件下,雨强对产流速率和产沙速率的作用系数分别是累计降雨量对其作用系数的2.1倍和2.2倍,说明雨强对产流产沙的影响更大;准浅沟侵蚀阶段的坡沟侵蚀水沙搭配关系明显不同于面蚀和细沟侵蚀阶段,同一径流量下,准浅沟侵蚀阶段的产沙量明显增大。
[Abstract]:The slope gully system is the basic unit of sediment erosion and soil and water conservation ecological governance, time characteristics of slope gully erosion of water and sediment system collocation, according to local conditions for timely layout of soil and water conservation measures has important significance. Take artificial rainfall simulation method, analyzed 3 different rainfall intensity of soil erosion from downhill ditch system the process of runoff and sediment and erosion processes of water and sediment collocation stage characteristics. The results show that the relationship between underlying surface conditions, rainfall intensity exists a critical point in the process of soil erosion in the slope gully system is less than the critical rainfall intensity, runoff and sediment with the increase of the rainfall intensity increases rapidly, the greater the rainfall intensity, the progress of erosion development process faster, more than the evolution of critical rainfall intensity when the runoff and sediment with the increase of rainfall and erosion development were weakened; rainfall and rainfall intensity are important factors affecting the sediment erosion test Under the condition of rainfall intensity on runoff and sediment yield rate and the rate of the coefficient is the effect of cumulative rainfall coefficient of 2.1 times and 2.2 times, indicating a greater effect on rainfall runoff and sediment; slope gully erosion stage quasi shallow gully erosion sediment collocation is significantly different from surface erosion and rill erosion stage, with a runoff, quasi shallow gully erosion stage sediment yield increased significantly.

【作者单位】：华北水利水电大学;黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室;
【基金】：中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2014-08,HKY-JBYW-2014-19)
【分类号】：S157

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