微生物肥料“宁盾”大田示范推广研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 22:27

本文选题：微生物肥料 + 宁盾　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着社会发展,生活水平的不断提高,人们对食品安全质量的要求也越来越高,但是化学农药,化学肥料等使用已是深入人心,正是由于这些化学农药的泛滥使用,导致绿色无公害农业的发展受到很大的制约。为避免先污染,再治理,减少化学农药及化学肥料的利用,必须寻求一种对环境友好的替代品。微生物肥料的有效成分是生防菌,来源于大自然,具有来源广,成本小的优点,并且本身无毒,对环境没有任何危害,因此,在二十一世纪必须大力发展微生物肥料产业,这将为改善人民生活质量提供保障。本研究对象微生物肥料"宁盾"(由PGPR蜡质芽胞杆菌AR156、枯草芽胞杆菌SM21以及沙雷氏菌XY21组成)能够显著提高茄果类、叶菜类蔬菜的产量和品质,同时对土传病害具有很好的防效,因此具有很高的农业应用价值。1微生物肥料"宁盾"与各种化学农药相容性研究农民在微生物肥料"宁盾"使用过程中,经常自己配合其他化学农药以提高使用效果,最后造成微生物肥料不起作用的现象。针对以上情况,本研究测定了当前农药市场上销售的7种杀虫剂,4种除草剂,13种杀菌剂,1种生长调节剂,2种抗病毒剂以及2种杀线虫剂对微生物菌剂"宁盾"的安全性。主要测试指标为农药对"宁盾"活菌数的影响。结果表明,在常规浓度下,菌药混剂于28℃ 200rpm条件下震荡摇匀12h之后,"宁盾"与杀虫剂中乙基多杀菌素,苦参碱,噻虫嗪,除虫菊酯,苯醚甲环唑相容性较好;与杀菌剂中咯菌腈,四氟醚唑,烯酰吗啉,吡唑嘧菌酯,嘧啶核苷类抗菌素,啶酰菌胺,氟菌唑,腐霉利,啶氧菌酯相容性较好;与抗病毒剂中宁南霉素,盐酸吗啉胍相容性较好;与杀线虫剂中阿维菌素相容性较好。2微生物肥料"宁盾"不同剂量对四个不同番茄品种促生防病效果研究本研究利用微生物菌剂宁盾0.5 L/亩、2.5 L/亩、5.0 L/亩等不同剂量(清水作为对照),在四个不同番茄品种上开展田间小区试验。结果表明,对于单一品种的番茄而言,随着使用浓度的增加,番茄促生指标株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶绿素含量以及收获时总产量相较于对照均有不同程度的增加,使用浓度在5.0L/亩时最佳。并且对于生长过程中发生的黄化曲叶病毒病的防效也随着使用浓度的增加而增加,最大防效达到47%以上。同时,宁盾处理组的果实,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量以及可溶性固形物和维生素C等都显著比对照组高,提高了番茄品质。并且随着宁盾处理浓度的升高,可溶性蛋白,可溶性糖含量均有很显著的提高。四个番茄品种结果类似,说明微生物肥料"宁盾"在应用过程中并不限制于番茄品种。3微生物菌剂宁盾对温室叶菜类蔬菜及其他作物防病促生效果研究在安徽蚌埠开展的温室叶菜类蔬菜芹菜、生菜、莴苣试验可以得出:微生物菌剂"宁盾"对生菜菌核病14天的防效达100%,对西瓜枯萎病60天的防效达到88%以上,同时对叶菜类产量增产均在30%以上。对新疆乌鲁木齐市开展的草莓冻害防效达42.54%。本研究为微生物菌剂宁盾在叶菜类蔬菜、草莓、西瓜等不同作物上的防病促生抗逆等效果研究提供了理论依据和技术指导。4江苏哈密瓜细菌性软腐病病原菌鉴定及绿色防控研究2014年,在洪泽湖畔的引种会密瓜上发现了一种细菌性软腐病,主要症状为:叶片上病斑初始呈水浸状,后期扩大为不规则形病斑;茎蔓感病症状为水浸状腐烂,果实感病为发病一侧呈水浸状,严重时整棵瓜腐烂。从病株上分离培养获得的目的菌株,在哈密瓜上进行回接,可以看到发病症状与自然发病症状完全一致,而且从接种病株上又重新分离到了此病原菌,经柯赫氏法则验证,该病原菌为哈密瓜的致病菌。最后经过16S rDNA基因鉴定,此致病菌为胡萝卜果胶软腐杆菌(Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.Carotovorum)。本研究通过对江苏种植哈密瓜的病害鉴定,为哈密瓜病害防治提供了理论依据和技术指导。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of society, the continuous improvement of living standards, people on food safety and quality requirements are increasingly high, but the chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer use is popular, it is because of these chemical pesticides use flooding, leading to the development of green pollution-free agriculture has been greatly restricted. In order to avoid the pollution first. To governance, reduce the use of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers, must seek an environmentally friendly alternative. The effective components of microbial fertilizer is a biocontrol agent, by nature, have a wide range of sources, the advantages of low cost, and itself is non-toxic, without any harm to the environment, therefore, we must vigorously develop the microorganism in twenty-first Century the fertilizer industry, which will provide the guarantee for improving people's quality of life. The study of microbial fertilizer "Ning shield" by PGPR AR156 (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilus Bacillus SM21 and Serratia marcescens Salmonella XY21) can significantly improve the fruits, leafy vegetables yield and quality, and has good prevention effect on soil borne diseases, so it has very high application value of agricultural.1 microbial fertilizer "Ning shield" and all kinds of chemical pesticide compatibility of microbial fertilizer in farmers "Ning shield" in the process, often with other chemical pesticides to improve the application effect, the final result of microbial fertilizer has no effect phenomenon. In view of the above situation, the current market sales of 7 kinds of insecticides on pesticides were determined in this study, 4 herbicides, 13 fungicides, 1 kinds of growth regulators, 2 kinds of anti viral agents and 2 nematicide for microorganism "Ning shield" safety. The main test indicators for the effects of pesticides on "Ning shield" the number of the live bacteria. The results showed that under conventional concentration, after the bacteria drug mixture at the temperature of 28 200rpm under the condition of shock strain 12h, "Ning shield" and insecticide Agent spinetoram, matrine, thiamethoxam, pyrethrins, Difenoconazole and slightly better compatibility; tetraconazole fungicide in nitriles, Dimethomorph, pyrazole azoxystrobin, pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic, boscalid, triflumizole, procymidone, pyridine aerobic bacteria ester compatibility is good; and the antiviral agents in lincomycin, guanidine hydrochloride has good compatibility with avermectin; nematicides in this study using microbial compatibility Ning shield 0.5 L/ Mu disease control effect of.2 microbial fertilizer "Ning shield" of different dosages of four different tomato varieties, 2.5 mu L/ L/, 5 acres of different doses (water as control), field plot experiments were carried out in four different tomato varieties. The results showed that for single species of tomato, with the increase of concentration, tomato growth index of plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, total chlorophyll content and yield in harvest time Compared with the control were increased in different degree, optimum concentration in 5.0L/ mu. And for the control effect of curl occurred during the growth of leaf virus disease also increased with increasing concentration, the maximum control effect reached more than 47%. At the same time, Ning shield treated fruit, soluble protein, soluble sugar the content of soluble solids and vitamin C were significantly higher than the control group, improve the quality of tomato. And with the increased concentration of Nanjing shield of soluble protein, soluble sugar content increased significantly. Four tomato varieties were similar, indicating that microbial fertilizer "Ning shield" in the application process is not limited to tomato cultivar.3 microbial growth promoting effect of Ning shield in the Anhui Bengbu's greenhouse vegetables in Greenhouse Celery, leafy vegetables and other crops and lettuce, lettuce test can be drawn: microbial Agent "Ning shield" of Sclerotinia Disease on day 14 and the effective rate was 100%, 60 days of watermelon wilt disease control effect reached more than 88%, while the leafy yield was above 30%. The damage of strawberry in Urumqi city Xinjiang to carry out the prevention effect of 42.54%. on the microbial community shield in leaf vegetables Ning vegetables, strawberries, watermelon and different crops on promoting graduate stressresistances effect provides theoretical basis and technical guidance.4 Jiangsu Hami melon bacterial soft rot pathogen identification and green prevention and control research in 2014, the introduction of Hongze lake will find a bacterial soft rot of melon, main symptoms that leaves the initial water soaked lesion was later expanded, irregular spots; stem disease symptoms of water soaked rot disease incidence fruit side is water soaked, serious when the whole tree melon rotting. Isolated strains obtained from diseased plants in Kazakhstan. Melon on the back, can see the symptom and the natural incidence of exactly the same, but also from the inoculation were again isolated the pathogen, the Koch verified the pathogenic pathogenic bacteria of Hami melon. Finally through the identification of 16S rDNA gene, this pathogen of soft rot bacteria (Pectobacterium Carrot Pectin carotovorum subsp.Carotovorum). Through the study of Jiangsu melon planting disease identification, provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for disease prevention and treatment of Hami melon.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S144

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