周年耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤养分及作物产量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-16 14:07

本文选题：耕作方式 + 砂姜黑土　；参考：《作物学报》2016年10期

【摘要】：为探明适宜于砂姜黑土农田的周年耕作方式,提升砂姜黑土农田地力及作物产量,在冬小麦?夏玉米一年两熟种植制度下,设置多年定位夏玉米季?冬小麦季免耕?旋耕(对照)、免耕?深耕、深松?旋耕、深松?免耕、免耕?免耕5种周年耕作方式田间试验,在定位处理的第4个周年研究耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤有机碳含量、土壤养分及其对作物产量的影响。结果表明,在秸秆全量还田条件下,与试验开始前相比,各处理0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、速效钾含量均有所增加。与对照相比,其他处理均增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量。免耕?深耕、深松?旋耕、免耕?免耕处理显著增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷含量,而深松?免耕处理显著增加冬小麦开花期和收获期0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷含量,整个周年内对照在20~40 cm土层土壤的有效磷含量均最低。深松?免耕处理增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤速效钾含量,而深松?免耕、免耕?免耕处理20~40 cm土层土壤速效钾含量在夏玉米苗期、大口期、开花期和灌浆期显著高于对照处理。深松?旋耕和深松?免耕处理显著增加夏玉米?冬小麦周年籽粒产量,增幅分别为7.67%和10.21%。综上所述,在秸秆全量还田基础上,深松?旋耕和深松?免耕能够改善土壤有机碳和养分状况,显著提高周年作物产量,可作为黄淮区砂姜黑土农田相对适宜的周年耕作方式。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the suitable annual tillage method for shajiang black soil field and to improve the soil fertility and crop yield of shajiang black soil field, in winter wheat?Summer maize planting system of two crops per year, set up for many years positioning summer maize season?Winter wheat season no-tillage?Rotary tillage (control, no-tillage?Deep ploughing, deep loosening?Rotary tillage, deep loose?No-tillage, no-tillage?Five annual tillage methods of no-tillage were used to study the effects of tillage methods on soil organic carbon content, soil nutrients and crop yield in shajiang black soil.The results showed that the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer were increased under the condition of full straw returning to the field.Compared with the control, the other treatments increased the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer per year.Zero tillage?Deep ploughing, deep loosening?Rotary tillage, no-tillage?No tillage treatment significantly increased the available phosphorus content in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer per year, but deep loosening?No tillage treatment significantly increased the available phosphorus content in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer of winter wheat at flowering and harvest stages, and the soil available phosphorus content of the control was the lowest in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer during the whole annual period.Deep loose?No tillage treatment increased soil available potassium content in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer per year, but deep loosening?No-tillage, no-tillage?The content of available potassium in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer of no-tillage treatment was significantly higher than that of control treatment in seedling stage, big mouth stage, flowering stage and filling stage of summer maize.Deep loose?Rotary tillage and deep loosening?No tillage significantly increased summer maize?The annual grain yield of winter wheat increased by 7.67% and 10.21% respectively.To sum up, on the basis of the total amount of straw returned to the field, deep loose?Rotary tillage and deep loosening?No-tillage can improve soil organic carbon and nutrient status and increase annual crop yield significantly. It can be used as a relatively suitable annual tillage method for shajiang black soil farmland in Huanghuai area.
【作者单位】：河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心;河南省西平县农业技术推广中心;河南省农业科学院;
【基金】：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD26B01) 国家粮食丰产科技工程项目河南省子课题(2013BAD07B07) 国家公益性行业科研专项(201303102)资助~~
【分类号】：S158.3

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