万寿菊秸秆综合利用途径及其杀线作用研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 16:25

本文选题：万寿菊 + 秸秆　；参考：《中国农业科技导报》2017年07期

【摘要】：万寿菊的杀线活性广受关注,对万寿菊秸秆的综合利用进行了初步尝试。通过生物测定和温室试验,研究了万寿菊秸秆、添加万寿菊秸秆的平菇栽培基质及菊叶对根结线虫的抑杀作用,明确了万寿菊秸秆对根结线虫的防治效果。结果表明,万寿菊叶水提取物对南方根结线虫校正死亡率达到100%,与各处理和对照相比差异显著(P0.05),而且,菌糠中按一定质量比添加万寿菊叶的处理(9∶1、3∶1、1∶1)显著提高了(校正死亡率分别为38.58%、40.25%、44.68%)平菇栽培基质水提取物的杀线活性(校正死亡率为26.54%)(P0.05);栽培基质经过栽培平菇后获得的菌糠,其杀线活性(校正死亡率33.79%)相对于新鲜栽培基质有了显著提高(校正死亡率26.54%)(P0.05);盆栽试验显示,移栽40 d后,添加不同比例万寿菊秸秆的处理中,万寿菊秸秆:菊叶质量比9∶1处理(分别施用10 g、25 g、50 g)对促进番茄植株株高(21.3~26.1 cm,对照18.53 cm)和植株地下部生长效果显著(4.75~5.79 g,对照2.0 g),而较高菊叶含量的处理(1∶1)抑制植株叶片生长,菌糠和菊叶处理中以平菇菌糠:菊叶质量比为3∶1的比例(分别施用10 g、25 g、50 g)防治根结线虫的效果最好(根结百分率26.5%~48.63%,对照74.7%),其防治效果与化学药剂噻唑膦(根结百分率20.1%)在统计学意义上相当。
[Abstract]:The comprehensive utilization of the stalks of marigold was preliminarily tried because of its line killing activity.By means of bioassay and greenhouse test, the effects of straw of marigold and the substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and the effect of chrysanthemum leaf on root-knot nematodes were studied, and the control effect of stalks on root-knot nematodes was determined.The results showed that the corrected mortality rate of the water extract from the leaves of marigold reached 100%, which was significantly different from that of the treatments and the controls (P 0.05).The treatment of 9: 1: 3: 1: 1: 1 of the leaves added to the chaff at a certain mass ratio increased significantly (adjusted mortality was 38.58%, 40.2525% and 44.68, respectively) the linear killing activity of the water extract from the cultivated water of Pleurotus ostreatus was 26.54% (adjusted mortality was 26.54%, P 0.05), and the cultivated substrate was cultivated.The mushroom bran obtained from the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus,The linear killing activity (corrected mortality rate 33.79) was significantly higher than that of fresh culture medium (adjusted mortality rate 26.54% P0.050.The pot experiment showed that, after 40 days of transplanting, the treatment of different proportion of Tagetes straw was added.Tagetes stalks: the treatment of chrysanthemum leaf mass ratio at 9:1 (10 g / 25 g / g ~ 50 g respectively) promoted the plant height of tomato (21.3g / 26.1 cm, control 18.53 cm) and the growth of underground part of tomato (4.75g / 5.79 g, respectively), and the treatment of higher chrysanthemum leaf content was 1: 1.1) inhibiting the growth of plant leaves,In the treatment of mushroom bran and chrysanthemum leaf, the ratio of mushroom bran to chrysanthemum leaf mass ratio was 3:1 (10 g / 25 g / g / 50 g respectively) was the best for root-knot nematode control (the percentage of root knot was 26.5g and 48.63%, the control was 74.7%), and the control effect was similar to that of the chemical agent thiazophosphonate (P < 0.05).The percentage of root knot (20.1g) is statistically equivalent.
【作者单位】：云南农业大学植保学院;昆明虹之华园艺有限公司;云南农业大学香料研究所;
【基金】：云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目[云教科(2014)22号] 国家自然科学基金项目(31560502) 教育部博士点基金项目(20105302100001)资助
【分类号】：S38;S432.45

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