大同盆地盐碱荒地空间分异特征及利用规划

发布时间：2018-04-16 18:49

本文选题：盐碱荒地 + 大同盆地　；参考：《山西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地盐碱化是土壤中的可溶性盐分积累到一定程度使得土壤肥力严重下降,而使农作物低产或不能生长的现象。盐碱荒地是由于土地盐碱化和次生盐碱化而形成的一种土地类型,由于地力低下而无法耕种作物,但如果施以适当的改良措施,是极具发展潜力的土地后备资源。对盐碱荒地的空间分异特征进行分析,并提出利用规划措施,对开发盐碱荒地的利用潜力,以及缓解土地利用压力具有一定意义。本文以山西省北部的大同盆地盐碱荒地为研究区,分析其空间分异特征,并根据空间分异特征提出盐碱荒地的治理措施并进行概括性的利用规划。大同盆地盐碱荒地位于大同市和朔州市界内,由于河流两岸地下水位高,地势低平排水不畅,因此盐碱荒地主要沿桑干河流域和洋河流域的河漫滩及河流一级阶地分布。整合大同盆地盐碱荒地调查中的1729个采样点数据、DEM、TM数据、2013年山西省统计年鉴、土地利用现状等,对影响盐碱荒地形成的因素进行分析,从地形、地质地貌、水文、土壤等自然因素角度,分析其对盐碱荒地空间分异特征形成的影响。建立盐碱程度评价体系,选取土壤全盐量、pH、有机质、地下水位和地下水矿化度作为数值型评价指标,坡度、质地构型、盐碱类型、土地利用现状和水资源情况作为概念型评价指标,对其进行无量纲标准化,确定指标权重使用层次分析法,最后利用综合评价法计算盐碱荒地综合评价指数,将大同盆地盐碱荒地开发利用评价等级分为六级,其中一级和二级盐碱荒地盐碱程度最轻,各占盐碱荒地总面积的12.10%和16.07%,土地开发利用适宜性相对其他等级较高,开发潜力最大；三级和四级所占面积最大,为23.58%和21.67%,其土壤理化性状具有盐碱荒地的典型特点,应作为盐碱荒地治理的重点;五级和六级面积占18.07%和8.51%,盐碱程度重,难以改良。将影响盐碱荒地形成的自然因素以及盐碱程度的评价结果相结合,对特征不同的区域分区,把大同盆地盐碱荒地分为三个开发利用区域,分别为宜耕地区、宜林草区和其他利用区。针对各分区的特征进行利用规划,解决两大积盐中心的盐碱化问题,提出农艺和工程措施方面的治理建议。
[Abstract]:Soil salinization is a phenomenon that the accumulation of soluble salt in the soil to a certain extent leads to a serious decline in soil fertility, which results in low yield or no growth of crops.Saline-alkali wasteland is a kind of land type formed by salinization and secondary salinization of land. It is impossible to cultivate crops because of low soil fertility, but if appropriate improvement measures are applied, it is a potential land reserve resource.The spatial differentiation characteristics of saline-alkali wasteland are analyzed, and the planning measures are put forward, which are of significance to develop the utilization potential of saline-alkali wasteland and to alleviate the pressure of land use.In this paper, the saline-alkali wasteland in the northern part of Shanxi Province is taken as the study area, and its spatial differentiation characteristics are analyzed. According to the spatial differentiation characteristics, the treatment measures of saline-alkali wasteland are put forward and the general utilization planning is carried out.The saline-alkali wasteland in Datong basin is located in the boundary of Datong city and Shuozhou city. Because of the high groundwater level on both sides of the river and the low level drainage, the saline-alkali wasteland mainly distributes along the floodplain and the first-order river terrace of the Sanggan River basin and the Yanghe River basin.Integrating the data of 1729 sampling sites in the survey of saline-alkali wasteland in Datong Basin, the statistical yearbook of Shanxi Province in 2013, the present situation of land use, etc., the factors influencing the formation of saline-alkali wasteland are analyzed, including topography, geology and geomorphology, hydrology, etc.The influence of soil and other natural factors on the formation of spatial differentiation characteristics of saline-alkali wasteland was analyzed.The evaluation system of salinization degree was established, and the soil total salt amount (pH), organic matter, groundwater level and groundwater salinity were selected as numerical evaluation indexes, slope, texture, salt alkali type, and so on.The present situation of land use and the situation of water resources are used as the conceptual evaluation indexes, and the dimensionless standardization is carried out, and the weight of the indexes is determined by the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the comprehensive evaluation index of saline-alkali wasteland is calculated by using the comprehensive evaluation method.The evaluation level of saline-alkali wasteland development and utilization in Datong Basin is divided into six levels, among which the first and second grade saline-alkali wasteland is the least saline-alkali, accounting for 12.10% and 16.07% of the total saline-alkali wasteland area, respectively. The suitability of land exploitation and utilization is higher than other grades.The third and fourth grades occupied the largest area of 23.58% and 21.67% respectively. The soil physical and chemical properties had the typical characteristics of saline-alkali wasteland, which should be regarded as the focal point of saline-alkali barren land treatment, and the fifth and sixth grade areas accounted for 18.07% and 8.51% of the saline-alkali wasteland, so the saline-alkali degree was heavy and it was difficult to improve the soil physical and chemical properties.By combining the natural factors affecting the formation of saline-alkali wasteland and the evaluation results of saline-alkali degree, the saline-alkali wasteland in Datong Basin is divided into three regions, which are suitable for cultivation.Suitable forest grass and other utilization areas.According to the characteristics of each district, the utilization planning is carried out to solve the salinization problem of the two major salt accumulation centers, and some suggestions on the management of agronomy and engineering measures are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.4

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