长白山地丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤动物的群落特征

发布时间：2018-04-19 13:55

本文选题：土壤动物 + 群落特征　；参考：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以长白山地丘陵区四种不同土地利用方式,即次生落叶阔叶林、灌木林、采伐迹地以及耕地为研究对象,对其土壤动物群落的组成、结构和多样性进行比较研究,共获土壤动物3门6纲18目/亚目,其中甲螨亚目(23.91%)、辐螨亚目(16.53%)和等节跳虫科(16.13%)为优势类群。在不同土地利用方式中,土壤动物的个体密度和类群数表现为,灌木林次生落叶阔叶林采伐迹地耕地,呈现出土壤动物分布的差异性。对于大型土壤动物,四种土地利用方式的个体密度和类群数在不同月间差异不显著。而对于中小型土壤动物,采伐迹地的个体密度在不同月间差异显著,耕地的类群数在不同月间差异显著,其余土地利用方式的个体密度和类群数在不同月间均变化不明显。不同土地利用方式土壤动物呈现表聚性分布,其中次生落叶阔叶林和灌木林的土壤动物分布随着土层加深急剧减少,而采伐迹地和耕地垂直分布递减的比较和缓,且中小型土壤动物个体密度和类群数有明显的表聚性。土地利用方式的不同影响着土壤动物的垂直分布,同时中小型土壤动物对土地利用方式变化的响应敏感。不同地利用方式7月的中小型土壤动物表聚性强于其它月份。土壤动物的多样性表现为灌木林中最高,其次为次生落叶阔叶林和采伐迹地,耕地最低。四种土地利用方式大型土壤动物的Margalef指数(D指数)和Shannon-wiener指数(H′指数)均在同一月间差异显著。不同土地利用类型的D指数均在不同月间变化不明显,而不同土地利用方式的H′指数仅采伐迹地在不同月间差异显著(p0.05)。对于中小型土壤动物而言,四种土地利用方式D指数和H′指数均在同一月间差异显著(p0.05)。而对于不同月的D指数和H′指数,次生落叶阔叶林、采伐迹地和耕地的D指数均在不同月间差异显著(p0.05),次生落叶阔叶林和灌木林的H′指数均在不同月间差异显著(p0.05)。本论文应用冗余分析方法(RAD)探讨不同土地利用方式的土壤理化性质与土壤动物组成分布之间的关系,结果表明p H、速效P、土壤温度、土壤有机质、速效N、土壤含水量对土壤动物群落组成分布的影响较大。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the composition, structure and diversity of soil fauna community in Changbai Mountain hilly region were compared with four different land use patterns, namely secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest, shrub forest, cutting land and cultivated land.A total of 3 phyla, 6 classes, 18 orders / suborders were found in the soil fauna, of which 23. 91kum, 16. 53) and 16. 13) were dominant groups of soil fauna.In different land use patterns, the individual density and the number of groups of soil animals were as follows: shrub secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest cutting cultivated land, showing the difference of soil fauna distribution.For macrofauna, there was no significant difference in individual density and group number among the four land use patterns.For the small and medium soil animals, the individual density of the harvested land varied significantly in different months, the number of cultivated land groups varied significantly in different months, and the individual density and group number of other land use patterns did not change significantly in different months.The distribution of soil fauna in the secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest and shrub forest decreased sharply with the deepening of soil layer, but the vertical distribution of cutting land and cultivated land decreased slowly.And the individual density and group number of small and medium soil animals have obvious apparent aggregation.Different land use patterns affect the vertical distribution of soil animals, and small and medium-sized soil animals are sensitive to changes in land use patterns.The apparent aggregation of small and medium soil animals in July was stronger than that in other months.The diversity of soil fauna was the highest in shrub, followed by secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest and cutting land, and the cultivated land was the lowest.The Margalef index (D) and the Shannon-wiener index (H 'index) of the four land use patterns were significantly different in the same month.The D index of different land use types did not change significantly in different months, while the H 'index of different land use patterns was significantly different from that of harvested land in different months (p 0.05).For small and medium-sized soil animals, the D index and H' index of four land use patterns were significantly different in the same month (p 0.05).For the D index and H 'index of the secondary deciduous broadleaved forest, the D index of the cutting land and the cultivated land were significantly different in different months, and the H' index of the secondary deciduous broadleaf forest and shrub forest were significantly different in different months, and the H 'index of the secondary deciduous broadleaved forest and shrub forest were significantly different in different months.In this paper, redundancy analysis method was used to study the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties of different land use patterns and the distribution of soil fauna. The results showed that pH, available P, soil temperature, soil organic matter, and so on.Available N and soil water content have great influence on the composition and distribution of soil fauna community.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.3;S154.5

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